You should have learned this in school.
Indigenous Peoples and Government Policy in Canada - The Canadian Encyclopedia
British colonial policy acknowledged Aboriginal peoples as sovereign nations.
Under the direction of the military, and once treaties were signed sovereign nations were removed and they were restricted to reserves with band councils.
European states claimed lands around the world by right of "discovery," and declared Indigenous people living there to be subject to the colonizing power. However, the Europeans who first came to North America depended on the more numerous and better-adapted Aboriginal people for survival, which led to trading and military alliances. During the period of alliances, which lasted until the early 19th century, Aboriginal policy was diplomatic and military in orientation because Aboriginal peoples constituted sovereign and independent nations.
As the non-Aboriginal population increased, Aboriginal peoples — mostly First Nations — ceased to be treated as independent nations and were settled on reserves. There, Aboriginal bands were organized under the supervision of Indian Department superintendents or agents. No longer military diplomats, but local managers of reserve land and band affairs, they encouraged Aboriginal people to farm, become self-supporting by non-traditional means and generally live like the surrounding population. Schools and churches were usually provided. These activities were organized by a civilian Indian Department — the precursor to Indigenous and Northern Affairs Canada (INAC) — which replaced the military authority in 1830. The establishment of common property in reserves and band funds, special legislation and treaty rights led to the development of the legal concept of status.