Executive Summary by Jeff Halper, Coordinator, ICAHD:
The home of Salim and Arabiya Shawamreh has become the symbol of nonviolent resistance to Israel's policy of demolishing Palestinian homes – more than 11,000 since 1967. The Shawamreh's only "crime" was building (and rebuilding) their home on their own privately-owned land without obtaining a permit. While this may seem reasonable, the Shawamreh's case clearly demonstrates that the Israeli authorities refuse to grant Palestinians building permits, cynically using the mechanisms of planning, zoning, administration and the law to confine them to small islands of the country. The home of Salim and Arabiya illustrates the political agenda of the demolition policy, as well as the trauma and suffering caused by such a policy. It also shows that in the vast majority of the cases the demolition of Palestinian homes has nothing to do with terrorism or security – Salim has never been charged with any breach of security; they are done merely to keep lands coveted by Israel free of their Palestinian owners. In the end it is a policy to displace an entire people.
DATE ACTION
Oct 19, 03 Israeli Supreme Court will decide to demolish or call for a full hearing.
Oct 2, 03 In response to an appeal against the Civil Administration submitted on that day by Salim Shawamreh, Israel’s Supreme Court of Justice freezes the demolition order and gives the state of Israel until Oct. 19th to answer claims raised in the appeal.
Sept 29, 03 The Israeli "Civil" Administration (CA) rejects all arguments raised by Salim Shawamreh. With regards to the complaint about discrimination in issuing building permits, the CA answers that since Mr. Shawamreh violated the demolition order a number of times, this fact is enough to reject all his complaints automatically, without further discussion.
At the same proceeding, Salim asks the CA judicial department to postpone the demolition, since he intended to appeal again for a building permit. Eventually the CA attorney agrees to delay the demolition until October 2nd at 10:00 AM in order to enable Mr. Shawamreh to appeal to the Supreme Court of Justice. HOWEVER, Salim's request to allow him enough time to apply for permit is rejected.
Sept 28, 03 Salim files his objection to the demolition order, stating that the house now has been rented to ICAHD and is used as a center for promotion of peace, for which reason the order needs to be cancelled. In addition, Salim complains against the discrimination between Jewish settlers and Palestinians in the Occupied Territories (a claim ignored by the CA).
Sept 25, 03 The "Civil" Administration informs Salim that he has three days to appeal to the Supreme Court of Justice against the demolition order that had been issued in 1995. [According to the law, every construction that is rebuilt on the same plot of a filed demolition order is subject to the order, and since the house was rebuilt by volunteers in August 2003, the order is now 'valid'.]
Salim’s lawyer responds by claiming the order is not valid. First of all, this is a different construction in its size, location and designation. Second, a demolition order must include a description of the building. Since it cannot be the same description as the house that was built nine years before, the old order is no longer valid.
Aug 8 – 21, 03 Work camp organized by the ICAHD to rebuild the house as a center for peace named after Arabiya Shawamreh, in memory of two women who lost their lives during house demolitions in Rafah in March 2003: Rachel Corrie, an American volunteer with the International Solidarity Movement, and Nuha Sweidan, a pregnant Palestinian women who was killed when a wall from her neighbour's house who has been demolished fell on top of her.
July 2003 Fearing retribution from the Israeli authorities yet wanting to rebuild once again, Salim leases his plot of land to ICAHD in order to build there a center for peace.
Apr 3, 03 4th demolition. While Salim and ICAHD were trying to save 17 Palestinian homes from demolition in the Jerusalem neighborhood of Sur Bahar, Salim was notified that the bulldozers had come to demolish his home once again in Anata. Salim is summoned for interrogation to the Civil Administration, and warned that he will be prosecuted if he continues to build.
Nov – Apr, 02 Since rebuilding constitutes a political act of resistance, the family and its supporters decide to rebuild once again. Rebuilding begins with funds contributed through donations arranged by the Global Campaign to Rebuild Palestinian Homes.
Apr 4, 01 3rd demolition. Children return home to find it is gone, all furnishings thrown outside.
Apr 3, 01 Shawamreh family moves into new home.
98, 99, 01 Rebuilding slowly and quietly with assistance by Israeli volunteers, due to concerns for the traumatized family’s fragile psychological state.
Aug 3, 98 2nd demolition. Family awakened at 4:30 AM with guns pointing at their faces. Jeff Halper and other volunteers spend the night, fearing possible demolition. Resistance, but demolition of shell building is completed.
Aug, 98 Since the Civil Administration has not identified the missing signatures, Salim and Arabia meet with all land owners in Anata and get their signature on a declaration, stating that they have no claims over the Shawamreh’s plot of land.
Aug 2, 98 Volunteers from ICAHD and the Palestinian Land Defense Committee finish the shell of the home.
Jul 10, 98 Salim Shawamreh, Jeff Halper and Issa Samandar decide the best response is to rebuild the home. They mobilize the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions (ICAHD) and the Palestinian Land Defense Committee to help rebuild.
Israeli Civil Authority official is quoted by Haaretz newspaper as saying, “the house would have a permit but the deed is missing two signatures.” (Note: the deed was properly registered and approved in 1990, upon purchase of the home.) Lawyer visits Civil Authority in attempt to find out whose signatures are missing. The Civil Administration does not respond for six months.
Jul 9, 98 1st Demolition of the Shawamreh home. Family sits down to lunch, soldiers come to say “This is our house now.” Arabiya, who does not understand Hebrew, sees her husband beaten and dragged by soldiers, and locks the door in fear of the soldiers. Army then throws tear gas into rooms to evacuate the children. Jeff Halper of ICAHD throws himself in front of bulldozer and is beaten. International TV coverage.
May, 98 Salim and his cousin, both holding demolition orders, call ICAHD to ask for their help in getting a building permit. They had read an advertisement in an Israeli newspaper, stating that ICAHD helps Palestinians who are holding demolition orders.
1995 LAW – The Palestinian Society for the Protection of Human Rights and the Environment appeals to the Israeli High Court of Justice in favour of the Shawamreh house. Appeal rejected.
1995 Israel’s Civil Authority orders demolition of the home for lack of a building permit.
1994 Application denied: "the slope is too steep." The court also rules that Salim's ownership over the land was partial. Having nowhere else to live, the Shawamrehs, like thousands of other Palestinian families, build their modest home without a permit, and the family moves in.
1993 Application denied: their barren stony plot is zoned by Israel as "agricultural land" – zoning based on a 1942 British Mandate plan that is used to confine Palestinians to small islands of the Territories and to justify demolishing their homes. 2nd application for permit filed. Application cost: $5000.
1991 Salim files 1st application for permit to build a house. Application cost: $5000.
1990 Upon his return home, Salim purchases land in Anata to build his home.
Unable to continue living in the densely-packed Shuafat refugee camp in Jerusalem, the Shawamrehs buy a plot of land in the nearby village of Anata, just over the Jerusalem border. Because the land is in the West Bank, it is more affordable than land in Jerusalem, for which almost no permits to build are granted by Israel. Since the family has Jerusalem residency, however, they will lose their right to enter Israel if they are “discovered” in their new home. Yet continuing to live in Jerusalem is impossible because of the housing shortage created by Israel’s no-permit and demolition policies. The Shawamrehs face a dilemma: an affordable home or the ability to live and work in Jerusalem. (Jewish Israelis, of course, are free to live wherever they wish.)
http://www.icahd.org/eng/articles.asp?menu=6&submenu=5&story=32