Hunter-gatherer
Since the 1960s, the consensus among anthropologists, historians and sociologists has been that early
hunter-gatherer societies enjoyed more leisure time than is permitted by
capitalist and
agrarian societies;
[1][2] For instance, one camp of
!Kung Bushmen was estimated to work two-and-a-half days per week, at around 6 hours a day.
[3] Aggregated comparisons show that on average the working day was less than five hours.
[1]
Subsequent studies in 1970s examined the
Machiguenga of the Upper Amazon and the
Kayapo of Northern Brazil. These studies expanded the definition of work beyond purely hunting-gathering activities, but the overall average across the hunter-gatherer societies he studied was still below 4.86, while the maximum was below 8 hours.
[1] Popular perception is still aligned with the old academic consensus.
[2]