Ishtar Worship and Adrogyny
Indeed, this goes all of the way back to the pagan goddess Ishtar and beyond. Religious historian
Rivkah Harris, former Associate Professor of Religion at Northwestern University, states in her book,
Gender and Aging in Mesopotamia: The Gilgamesh Epic and Other Ancient Literature, that the goddess Ishtar was also known as Inanna, and her worship was specifically designed to break down all
gender distinction and well as socioeconomic distinctions. She writes:
“She [Ishtar] shattered all gender and socioeconomic distinctions -- being both a royal queen
and simultaneously “the harlot of heaven...And in all this she was the role model for her
followers. Among her powers was this from a Sumerian poem: “To turn a man into a woman
and a woman into a man are yours, Inanna.”
Professor Harris further writes:
“In the Descent of Ishtar we are told of some participants in her
religious cult: ‘The male prostitutes comb their hair before her…They
decorate the napes of their necks with colored bands…They gird
themselves with the sword belt…Their right side they adorn with
women’s clothing…Their left side they cover with men’s
clothing…Their transvestitism simulated the androgyny of InannaIshtar.
It was perhaps the inversion of the male/female binary opposition that
thereby neutralized this opposition. By emulating their goddess who
was both female and male, they shattered the boundary between the
sexes. This was seen as a way of rising above the prison of
the flesh.”
Finally, Harris concludes: “Ishtar is androgynous, marginal,
ambiguous…She is betwixt and between… Central to the goddess as
paradox is her well-attested psychological and physiological
androgyny. Inanna-Ishtar is both female and male … [in one place
stating] ‘Though I am a woman I am a noble young man’”
As articulated in one Sumerian hymn to Inanna: “Inanna was
entrusted by Enlil and Ninlil with the capacity to gladden the heart of those who revere her… to turn a
man into a woman and a woman into a man, to change one into the other, to make young women
dress as young men on their right side, to make young men dress as young women on their left side,
to put spindles into the hands of men [―] and to give weapons to the women; to see that women amuse
themselves by using children's language, to see that children amuse themselves by using women's
language.
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