Chimps & Pigs, the human hybrid family tree

[darkbeaver]

Human origins: Are we hybrids?


A list of traits distinguishing humans from other primates (and shared with pigs)
DERMAL FEATURES
Naked skin (sparse pelage)
Panniculus adiposus (layer of subcutaneous fat)
Panniculus carnosus only in face and neck
In "hairy skin" region:
- Thick epidermis
- Crisscrossing congenital lines on epidermis
- Patterned epidermal-dermal junction
Large content of elastic fiber in skin
Thermoregulatory sweating
Richly vascularized dermis
Normal host for the human flea (Pulex irritans)
Dermal melanocytes absent
Melanocytes present in matrix of hair follicle
Epidermal lipids contain triglycerides and free fatty acids

FACIAL FEATURES
Lightly pigmented eyes common
Protruding, cartilaginous mucous nose
Narrow eye opening
Short, thick upper lip
Philtrum/cleft lip
Glabrous mucous membrane bordering lips
Eyebrows
Heavy eyelashes
Earlobes

FEATURES RELATING TO BIPEDALITY
Short, dorsal spines on first six cervical vertebrae
Seventh cervical vertebrae:
- long dorsal spine
- transverse foramens
Fewer floating and more non-floating ribs
More lumbar vertebrae
Fewer sacral vertebrae
More coccygeal vertebrae (long "tail bone")
Centralized spine
Short pelvis relative to body length
Sides of pelvis turn forward
Sharp lumbo-sacral promontory
Massive gluteal muscles
Curved sacrum with short dorsal spines
Hind limbs longer than forelimbs
Femur:
- Condyles equal in size
- Knock-kneed
- Elliptical condyles
- Deep intercondylar notch at lower end of femur
- Deep patellar groove with high lateral lip
- Crescent-shaped lateral meniscus with two tibial insertions
Short malleolus medialis
Talus suited strictly for extension and flexion of the foot
Long calcaneus relative to foot (metatarsal) length
Short digits (relative to chimpanzee)
Terminal phalanges blunt (ungual tuberosities)
Narrow pelvic outlet

ORGANS
Diverticulum at cardiac end of stomach
Valves of Kerkring present in small intestines
Mesenteric arterial arcades
Multipyramidal kidneys
Heart auricles level
Tricuspid valve of heart
Laryngeal sacs absent
Vocal ligaments
Prostate encircles urethra
Bulbo-urethral glands present
Os ***** (baculum) absent.
Hymen
Absence of periodic sexual swellings in female
Ischial callosities absent
Nipples low on chest
Bicornuate uterus (occasionally present in humans)
Labia majora

CRANIAL FEATURES
Brain lobes: frontal and temporal prominent
Thermoregulatory venous plexuses
Well-developed system of emissary veins
Enlarged nasal bones
Divergent eyes (interior of orbit visible from side)
Styloid process
Large occipital condyles
Primitive premolar
Large, blunt-cusped (bunodont) molars
Thick tooth enamel
Helical chewing

BEHAVIORAL/PHYSIOLOGICAL
Nocturnal activity
Particular about place of defecation
Good swimmer, no fear of water
Extended male copulation time
Female orgasm
Short menstrual cycle
Snuggling
Tears
Alcoholism
Terrestrialism (Non-arboreal)
Able to exploit a wide range of environments and foods

RARE OR ABSENT IN NONHUMAN PRIMATES:
Heart attack
Atherosclerosis
Cancer (melanoma)

 

[El Barto]

I am so not touching this not even with a ten foot Adams rib

 

[petros]

Do pigs have male pattern balding like primates?

 

[darkbeaver]

I haven't deciphered all the Latin yet. Baldness may be treatable with some pig serum though. The alcoholism is interesting. You should see the quantity a pig can put away, they will drink 80 proof by the gallon, literally.

 

[Sal]

some pretty cool and interesting comparisons there...thanks DB

 

[darkbeaver]

ALCOHOLISM

Although Cheeta, Tarzan's chimpanzee sidekick, often drank beer when he wasn’t making movies,85 nonhuman primates are not heavy drinkers—even when they get the opportunity. On the other hand, according to Tumbleson, "the pig is the ideal model for human alcoholism because it is the only mammal other than man that will drink enough ethanol to be classified as an alcoholic."86 One of Tumbleson's pigs drank the equivalent of four quarts of 86-proof vodka every day for a week. The average pig in Tumbleson's herd was a more modest consumer, taking in only a quart a day. Moreover, pigs drink alcohol, even distilled alcohol, voluntarily, if it is available. With continued use they become dependent on alcohol, exhibiting withdrawal symptoms similar to those seen in human alcoholics.87

TEARS

When upset, chimpanzees whine and moan, but they never shed tears.88 Since tears lack commercial significance, little attention has been directed towards this particular physiologic response in pigs, but according to Dexter et al., one of the withdrawal symptoms seen in distressed alcoholic pigs is lacrimation (i.e., the secretion of tears).89

NOCTURNAL ACTIVITY

With the exception of the South American night-monkey (Aotus), monkeys and apes are not active at night.90 They retire with the setting of the sun. This inflexible behavior pattern is by no means characteristic of Homo sapiens. By choice, pigs are active during the day, but when they are hunted they follow a nocturnal schedule.91

 

[Spade]

Great thread, DB.

 

[petros]

Pigs love fermented anything. They'll go for a bucket of rotten apples before they'll touch a bucket of rip ones.

 

[darkbeaver]

Great thread, DB.

Just gettin touch with the family. The beer thing is actually mine by DNA, it's a porcine right, I refuse to quit now.

 

[petros]

In BC they have no idea that mash and wort are worth big bucks as feed and send this valuable product out to sea through the sewer system.

And they think they are green?

 

[darkbeaver]

In BC they have no idea that mash and wort are worth big bucks as feed and send this valuable product out to sea through the sewer system.

And they think they are green?

I'v got three little pigs this summer, I just had an idea, keeping them occupied behind the wire will be easy now and I have new friends to drink with. I might even join them in the mud hole.

 

[petros]

I'v got three little pigs this summer, I just had an idea, keeping them occupied behind the wire will be easy now and I have new friends to drink with. I might even join them in the mud hole.

Need some hooch recipes?

 

[darkbeaver]

None of the cheap stuff for my pork chops. There's this Jost winery up the road a bit. I think I'll visit them.
I expect the consumption of wine will improve the eventual glazing. I 'm designing testing and quality controls right now. We will have to monoitor their intake very closely from now on. They are brilliant conversationalists once you catch their lingo. It's mostly about food and drink. I can hardly wait to have them to dinner some evening.

Give me the recepies I'll talk it over with the staff.

COITUS AND SEXUAL CLIMAX

The huge quantity ejacuated by a boar (up to 1 liter) compares with about 2-3 ml in a human male. The semen of the boar is of three types and comes in three stages. First comes the injection of copious amounts of lubricating non-spermbearing fluid. Next comes five to six minutes of sperm injection. In the last stage, the ***** withdraws somewhat and secretes a jelly-like plug that seals the ****** (485.2).
Morris notes that in nonhuman primates "pre-copulatory [behavior] patterns are brief … Copulation itself is very brief."53 He cites the baboon, whose time from intromission to *********** is only "7-8 seconds," with no more than 15 strokes. The duration of coitus in anthropoid apes is scarcely longer. The pygmy chimpanzee averages 24.7 strokes per intromission54 and the common chimpanzee only 11.3 strokes.55 This figure is about 36 in gorillas.56 Dixson says chimpanzees ejaculate five to ten seconds after intromission.57 The human male, then, who takes several minutes or more to reach climax,58 stands in marked contrast to the apes. In swine, however, coitus lasts 20 to 30 minutes. In itself, the *********** of a boar can continue nearly ten minutes,59 and the volume of the ejaculate can be as much as a liter (although the average is closer to 200 ml).60 Domestic boars have been observed to ejaculate as many as 25 times in a single day.61

See (30.8,100; 92.4; 246.9). Dewsbury (138.4) confirms that there exists little or no evidence of orgasm in nonhuman primate females. Chevalier-Skolnikoff (102.4) and Zumpe and Michael (650.4) have suggested that the "clutching response" sometimes seen in stumptail and rhesus macaques shows certain similarities to the spasmodic hand reflex displayed by the human female at orgasm described by Masters and Johnson (334.6). Fox and Fox (187.8,333), however, point out that they have observed the "clutching response" to occur independently of orgasm in human females and that orgasm in macaques should be confirmed by "alternative orgasmic criteria." Even the few researchers who do assert that "orgasm" occurs in nonhuman primates admit that it is a rather different phenomenon than that seen in human females. Consider, for example, a comment made by orgasm proponents Allen and Lemmon (27.1,23): "Of considerable interest is the fact that relatively few blatant emotional responses (e.g., vocalizations) associated with orgasm in women were manifested by the chimpanzee, even when intense ******l contractions were being palpated. In fact, a female colleague who observed several experimental sessions found it incredible that this female chimpanzee was experiencing anything even approaching the emotion characteristic of orgasm in women."
Given the lengthy attentions lavished upon the sow by the boar, it is, perhaps, not surprising that "the female [pig] exhibits an 'orgasm-like' response" (Hafez62). Sexual climax has not been observed in nonhuman primate females. Morris says that "female orgasm in our species is unique amongst primates63… If there is anything that could be called an orgasm [in nonhuman primates], it is a trivial response when compared with that of the female of our own species."64 Others affirm this fact. If we are related only to primates, then it is odd that female orgasm is found in humans but not in other primates.

Pigs are also very affectionate animals, capable of forming strong attachments. Following the loss of a close associate, many pigs exhibit a grief-like syndrome "causing the animal to reject food, be depressed and frustrated, angry and to search almost frantically for the missing animal or person. In some instances, the animal may die" (Bustad and Horstman65). Pigs enjoy close physical contact and like to snuggle while sleeping. In contrast, excepting mother and infant, chimpanzees sleep alone.66 Famous chimpanzee observer Jane Goodall writes, "Chimpanzees usually show a lack of consideration for each other's feelings which in some ways may represent the deepest gulf between them and us. For the male and female chimpanzee there can be no exquisite awareness of each other's body—let alone each other's mind. The most the female can expect of her suitor is a brief display, a sexual contact lasting at most half a minute, and, sometimes, a session of social grooming afterward. Not for them the romance, the mystery, the boundless joys of human love."

 

[darkbeaver]

Ebola viruses (EBOV) cause often fatal hemorrhagic fever in several species of simian primates including human. While fruit bats are considered natural reservoir, involvement of other species in EBOV transmission is unclear. In 2009, Reston-EBOV was the first EBOV detected in swine with indicated transmission to humans. In-contact transmission of Zaire-EBOV (ZEBOV) between pigs was demonstrated experimentally. Here we show ZEBOV transmission from pigs to cynomolgus macaques without direct contact. Interestingly, transmission between macaques in similar housing conditions was never observed. Piglets inoculated oro-nasally with ZEBOV were transferred to the room housing macaques in an open inaccessible cage system. All macaques became infected. Infectious virus was detected in oro-nasal swabs of piglets, and in blood, swabs, and tissues of macaques. This is the first report of experimental interspecies virus transmission, with the macaques also used as a human surrogate. Our finding may influence prevention and control measures during EBOV outbreaks.Transmission of Ebola virus from pigs to non-human primates : Scientific Reports : Nature Publishing Group

How,s the pig epidemic going in the USA---insert question mark

 

[darkbeaver]

This is the reason for the injuctions against eating pork and why chimps are so much adored as relatives of humans when in fact our closest relative is dissed at every oportunity. It's nothing more than ancient denial of our own ancestors. Someone knew of the relationship between humans and pigs a very long time ago.

This is our great great great great, you get the picture, grandmother.

As Cabanac and Brinnel point out the highest temperature tolerated by the human brain seems to be only about 40.5E C [104.9E F] which is below that of other core tissues … Because of its relatively large mass, the human brain needs to be cooled more than that of most other species. At rest, this is accomplished by the carotid blood: when the temperature of the arterial blood is raised, the brain is in jeopardy and there is need for a mechanism to cool the brain directly.3

Exercise-induced hyperthermia: During exercise carotid (arterial) blood becomes so warm that its heat would cause brain damage if alternative cooling mechanisms did not ameliorate its effects. And human beings do have such a mechanism. During exercise-induced hyperthermia, it actively pumps cool blood to the brain from the surface of the cranium. My first inkling that such a mechanism might exist came when an initial investigation of skin structure revealed that humans and pigs share an unusual thermoregulatory system not seen in chimpanzees and other nonhuman primates. This system was described at length in Chapter Six. Its basic units are: 1) a highly vascularized skin, permeated with fine capillaries at a density far in excess of what is required simply to feed the skin; 2) an insulative subcutaneous fat layer pierced by musculocutaneous arteries that regulate blood flow to the skin's surface on the basis of temperature; and 3) a dense population of heat-responsive sweat glands. Comparative anatomists have documented these distinctive features linking human and pig, features that make for a skin that is markedly superior to that of nonhuman primates with respect to thermoregulation, especially with regard to evaporative cooling. The Hybrid Hypothesis: The Cranium and the Brain




( Hybridization is the cause of modern humans and not evolution.) DB It is also the reason for the relativly high infertility in humans common to all hybrids.

Darwin goes boom.

 

[Gilgamesh]

So you (pl.) are suggesting that way back some lonely young primate got a little too friendly with a sow, and we are the result?

Verry interresting!

BTW humans do not suffer from low fertility. Primitive tribes used intelligence & discovered that prolonged lactation for feeding an infant helped cut the chances of pregnancy.

Go back a few generations & you will find very often your ancestors like mine had 10-15 children. Of course, only about half survived to breeding age, but......

There are over 7.1 billion of us on this planet.

I wouldn't call that low fertility.

Anyway, its a fun topic, but the fossill record shows the hominid/primate record quite clearly.

Although I suppose every species on earth is a type of hybrid if you go back far enough.

When humans hold their breath & feel a need to breath that gets more intense, we are not sensing a lack of oxygen, we sense a rise in CO2. I am told that this specific mechanism & associated genes is the same as fish use. So I guess we are slso fish hybrids too..

 

[Tonington]

When humans hold their breath & feel a need to breath that gets more intense, we are not sensing a lack of oxygen, we sense a rise in CO2. I am told that this specific mechanism & associated genes is the same as fish use. So I guess we are slso fish hybrids too..

Not just fish, it's a well conserved regulatory network, that pre-dates the first fish. It's sort of a complicated topic, that could easilly spill into pages and pages when you start to tie oxygen, carbon dioxide, and pH all together. Oxygen started showing up between one and two billion years ago, makes sense that life evolving after that would keep and modify the 'ideas' that worked. Part of the mechanism is utilized by organisms that need oxygen, it's a handy transport system for oxygen and carbon dioxide. It's also utilized by organisms that don't require oxygen, it's a handy system for binding oxygen which is quite toxic if not dealt with.

Also, technically if you feel the need to breath, that's not really controlled by your autonomic nervous system any longer. We do have peripheral chemo-receptors that detect low oxygen. Especially in tissues associated with the circulatory system. The carbon dioxide sensors that works with your central nervous system responds more slowly due to the blood-brain barrier.

 

[Cliffy]

 

[Praxius]

So humans are from pigs and chimps..... So what will come from humans and sheep, as we keep hearing from jokes around the world?

 

[Tonington]

So humans are from pigs and chimps..... So what will come from humans and sheep, as we keep hearing from jokes around the world?