The ice volume at this years summer minimum is 50% less of what it was just five years ago in 2007.
Almost certainly the Arctic will be mostly ice free within a few years with a small area to the north and west of Greenland still with sea ice for several decades longer.
Some of the projected consequences of a mostly ice free Arctic.
I'm not usually in favour of the death penalty, but I think we should seriously look at it for dealing with politicians and industry leaders who did their best to make this disaster happen.
There was much media attention a couple of weeks ago when this year's sea ice extent minimum broke all records: it was down almost 50 percent from the 1979-2000 average. Little attention, though, accompanied a possibly even more significant figure, released a few days ago: those who run the PIOMAS sea ice volume model at the Polar Research Center showed the 2012 sea ice volume minimum was down almost 50 percent not from decades ago -- but from 2007! That's right: the volume of arctic sea ice this September minimum was probably about half of what it was, just back in 2007.
Almost certainly the Arctic will be mostly ice free within a few years with a small area to the north and west of Greenland still with sea ice for several decades longer.
Some of the projected consequences of a mostly ice free Arctic.
1. Greatly increased arctic water vapor, increasing arctic warming (water vapor is a potent greenhouse gas) but also fundamentally altering arctic hydrology and hence weather patterns.
2. Immediately and fundamentally altered arctic atmospheric chemistry, causing increased arctic methane lifetime, among other basic changes.
3. Certain increase in acceleration of arctic warming, from increased solar energy entering the arctic ocean (this engenders 1.) and the release of latent heat into the atmosphere during autumn's rapid re-freezing.
4. Consequent increased potential for large arctic storms like the Great Arctic Cyclone this summer.
5. Consequent increased deep convection events (mixing to bottom) of arctic ocean, particularly important over the shallow water of the shelves, where lower layers can now often be methane-saturated.
6. Consequently an increase of seabed methane emissions -- including from seabed permafrost, shallow methane hydrate, and from thawing of either or both of these and increased gas migration pathways allowing free gas from underneath the hydrates to outgas.
(For full PowerPoint PDF, scroll down to Topic/Title Methane Release from Eastern Siberian Shelf.)
7. This increase in seabed permafrost thawing leads to a subsequent increased risk that a random seismic event could suddenly release large amounts of methane from the above combination of thawing sources, or from other thawed arctic carbon stores (see PowerPoint above).
8. Increased risk of general degradation of shallow methane hydrates leading to slope failure and consequent methane release.
9. Certain increase in chronic emissions of methane (and CO2) from thawing land permafrost, peat, etc. with the general added warming mentioned above.
10. The increased arctic methane lifetime (2.) is indistinguishable from an increase in its arctic abundance.
11. Increasing continued rate of ice (and snow) loss as the ice-free-period subsequently lengthens, from all the above, particularly significant as the insolation increases earlier in the season to around the solstice in June (discussion here, scroll down to An Ice-free Solstice).
And here are some immediate potential global impacts to chew on:
12. Recent research suggests that ice (and snow cover) loss is at least one causative factor in recent extreme weather -- drought, flood, fires, etc. -- and if so this could quickly be amplified.
13. Consequently, recent global impacts on food security could increase proportionally.
14. Economic losses from each of those (12., 13) would probably increase proportionally, and potentially could amplify into global economic recession or even depression.
15. If there's large-scale (multi gigaton-scale) methane release soon, this would of course fundamentally alter the whole path of global warming (see my Twilight posts #1,#2), with vast consequences.
16. If the ice-free period expands significantly, altered arctic tropospheric oxidation could rapidly start to impact high latitude urban areas, making cities with large populations rapidly become more difficult to live in (good discussion here at GISS, where Hansen is himself director).
I'm not usually in favour of the death penalty, but I think we should seriously look at it for dealing with politicians and industry leaders who did their best to make this disaster happen.