Well radiative transfer concerns the transfer of electromagnetic radiation. The transfer is affected by the absorption, emission and scattering properties of the medium over which the energy is transferred. Using these constraints on radiative transfer, scientists have improved the efficiency of semiconductors used in all sorts of applications, by optimizing the flow of energy across gaps, by optimizing the distance between emitters and receivers in photovoltaic systems, and by optimizing the distance of
quantum wells in the semi-conductors to reduce backtransfer.
That kind of nano-physics is beyond me, but it's active research, and many graduate level radiative transfer courses have sections on semiconductors.
I mean they even use radiative transfer to choose the colour of some telescopes. They colour them white in the visible spectrum to reflect sunlight, black in the mid-infrared to promote radiative cooling, and transparent at the wavelengths where you find radio waves so that it neither absorbs or emits noise at those wavelengths.