I don't follow the logic. How is trade bad between states but good between provinces? Given that it's the same thing, it should logically be bad in both cases or good in both cases.
It starts with the focus of the economic organization being the nation. It does not discourage trade, which is beneficial and constructive within managed national objectives. Its principles begin with full employment, fair distribution of wealth, integrated industrial development.
Its not a new idea. When Adam Smith and David Ricardo and Thomas Malthus were developing the logic of Free Trade and (the latter) Social Liberalism (the two are inextricably linked) in the 18th Century they had opponents.. Friedrich List in Germany, Jean Baptiste Colbert in France, Alexander Hamilton in the U.S.
What became known as the National System worked wherever it was implemented. Leading to explosive growth, industrialization, the establishment of a Middle Class.. and shared prosperity. Where it has collapsed, replaced with 'Free' Markets, wealth is polarized, the economy becomes impermanent and unpredictable... and decline inevitably results.
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