Depends on what you consider a pass Would you want a programmer or secretary who only spelled 60% of his words correctly? Would you want a mechanic or doctor who carried out his profession properly only 60% of the time? Different teachers set different standards. I know of one university prof who gave every paper a zero if it contained a single spelling error. That seems rather extreme to me, but demanding a higher standard than 60% for a spelling test does not seem too demanding.
The real question should be why parents and society in general demand that all students be graded. Education is supposed to be about learning; not what sort of mark you can get. When I was teaching one question I came to detest was "Is this for marks?" Because if it wasn't the student asking the question had no intention of paying the least attention to what was being taught.
Not everyone learns at the same pace - some have troubles with Math, Spelling, Grammar - They then need extra help - That could be as simple as extra work assignments to asking the parent to also assist.
Punishment for 12 out of 20 is not a good technique for improving a persons ability to learn. It is all negative.
Not a good teacher or teaching technique for learning.
I don't know how it all works either Curio. They all seem terrified of 'bad grades', yet teachers can get away with a horrid amount of abuse of students without getting fired. One teacher at my kids' school screams her classes into tears on a regular basis, and has even lost it to the point of kicking students, without getting fired. So I find myself baffled by what does and doesn't matter in the minds of the teachers and school boards.
Thne that teacher should be reported to the Police as that is assault - Criminal Code - Let them get to the bottom of it.
If my daughter had a teacher that was constantly screaming at her or the class - I am sure I would go off the deep end on that teacher & principal.