Christian, and specifically Catholic, Economics was articulated in the early 20th Century by Catholic intellectuals such as GK Chesterton and Hilaire Belloc. It became known as
Distributism and really was not so much against Capitalism and it was against the predatory, greed sated, global system of Free Trade and Usury without any moral foundation or responsibility. That essentially put in the same class as atheistic Communism.
Such Papal Encyclicals as Rerum Novarum of Leo XIII in the late 19th Century championed the rights of working people to dignified, meaningful and sufficiently compensated employment; the right to ownership of the product of their labour; as well as the right to form guilds and unions. That was reinforced by Pius XI's Quadragesimo Anno and John Paul II's Centesimus Annus . All three of them were charged with being enemies of Capitalism.
So depending on what Francis meant, he could be in complete comformity with the Catholic social doctrine over the last century. Unfortunately Francis does not have a strong grounding in Theology with which to express his opinions with clarity. Hence his pronouncements often seem incomplete, sentimental, eccentric or lacking in context. In many areas Francis' statements have caused confusion and distress to orthodox Catholics.
But it is true that modern, global, unfettered Free Market Capitalism is an antithesis to Catholic Social Doctrine. That rightly considers it an outgrowth of greed, power lust, pride through exploitation and theft. And that does make it a spawn of the Devil .