The Beatles - Happiness Is A Warm Gun (2009 Stereo Remaster) - YouTube
Writing and inspiration
According to Lennon, the title came from the cover of a gun magazine that producer
George Martin showed him: "I think he showed me a cover of a magazine that said 'Happiness Is a Warm Gun.' It was a gun magazine. I just thought it was a fantastic, insane thing to say. A warm gun means you just shot something."
[1] The reference, whether or not intermediately from the magazine, was one of many 1960s riffs on
Charles M. Schulz's culturally popular saying,
Happiness is a Warm Puppy, which began in the
Peanuts comic strip and became a widely sold book.
Composition
Lennon said he "put together three sections of different songs...it seemed to run through all the different kinds of rock music."
[1] The song is thus by the composer's own admission a
pastiche. The song begins with a brief lilting section ("She's not a girl who misses much..."). Drums, bass and distorted guitar enter as this portion of the song proceeds. The surreal imagery from this section is allegedly taken from an
acid trip that Lennon and
Derek Taylor experienced, with Taylor contributing the opening lines.
[2] After this, the song transitions into a song fragment called "I Need a Fix," built around an ominous-sounding guitar riff. This section drifts into the next section, a chorus of "Mother Superior jumped the gun." The final section is a
doo-wop send up, with the back-up of vocals of "bang, bang, shoot shoot."
One of the most salient musical features of the song is its frequent shifts in
time signature, some tempo changes, and some unusual phrasing. The song begins in standard 4/4 time but quickly deviates from the norm. There is a 5-bar phrase rather than the usual 4, beginning with the line "She's well acquainted...". The last line of that verse ("A soap impression of his wife...") has a 6/4 bar (the second measure of the phrase) before going back to 4/4 for the last two bars of the phrase, and
Ringo Starr plays the downbeat on "1" in the fourth bar, giving a more unusual feel. The subsequent guitar lead and bridge can be analysed as a 3-bar pattern of 9/8, 12/8, 12/8 (or 5 bars—one of 9/8, four of 6/8, etc.), with Ringo retaining an implied 6/8 throughout, so that the snare drum downbeats are on "1" as often as not. This gives way to a faster (almost double-time) 4-bar pattern of 3/8, 6/8, 3/8, 7/8 for the "Mother Superior..." section before returning to a slower 4/4 for the doo-wop ending. During the "When I hold you..." section, the rest of the band returns to 6/8, but Ringo stays in 4/4. This is a rare example of
polyrhythm in The Beatles' catalogue.