I admit this is anecdotal, but in my opinion it reflects on productivity:
A number of years ago when I was still working, I was walking across the floor in the factory where I first started as a labourer, but managed to shake of Union chains and work for myself, without thugs speaking for me, I walked under a catwalk, where a unionized electrician was working. Accidentally, or more than likely, on purpose, he dropped a pair of plyers. I picked it up, offering to throw them up to him, but with the usual verbal eloquence, he told me to go and f..k myself, he can come and get them himself.
It was a 70 foot walk to the end of the catwalk, 15 steps on the ladder down, several steps to the plyers, same number of steps back to the ladder, 15 steps up the ladder to the catwalk, 70 steps back to the place where the plyers were dropped.
Almost forgot: he took a smoke break while he did all that.
Productivity? It does not exist in Union vocabulary. The expression screw the hand that give you a job, does.