That would most assuredly require international agreements. Here's one solution I see:
Require all imports to identify the quantity of each resource used in the development of the product, and depending on the tax the producing country has charged on this product, we tax accordingly. This would be complicated since it would involve calculating the rate of each product at the source, and would require the other government to collaborate in enforcing this.
Alternatively, we require the other government to establish common taxation standards as ours if it wants free trade with us. Or again, we could simply not worry about it, which would mean that our own resource industries could suffer. However, owing to lower taxes on the service industry, our service industry would have a competitive advantage over those countries with lower resource taxes and higher income taxes.
But then again, if the concern is employment, we want people spending on work, not resources. I think the last option I presented (i.e. just don't worry about imports and let the market adjust on its own) is the one I'd go for. Sure our resource sector might suffer, but our service sector would benefit.