Global Warming ‘Greatest Scam in History’

Status
Not open for further replies.

Avro

Time Out
Feb 12, 2007
7,815
65
48
55
Oshawa
Waters, 1993: Microwave limb sounder measurements of stratospheric SO2 from the Mt. Pinatubo volcano. Geophys. Res. Lett., 20(12), 1299–1302. Reddy, M.S., and O. Boucher, 2004: A study of the global cycle of carbonaceous aerosols in the LMDZT general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14202, doi:10.1029/2003JD004048. Reddy, M.S., O. Boucher, Y. Balanski, and M. Schulz, 2005a: Aerosol optical depths and direct radiative perturbations by species and source type. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L12803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021743. Reddy, M.S., et al., 2005b: Estimates of global multicomponent aerosol optical depth and direct radiative perturbation in the Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique general circulation model. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S16, doi:10.1029/2004JD004757. Reid, J.S., et al., 1999: Use of the Angstrom exponent to estimate the variability of optical and physical properties of aging smoke particles in Brazil. J. Geophys. Res., 104(D22), 27473–27490. Reid, J.S., et al., 2003: Analysis of measurements of Saharan dust by airborne and ground-based remote sensing methods during the Puerto Rico Dust Experiment (PRIDE). J. Geophys. Res., 108(D19), 8586, doi:10.1029/2002JD002493. Reimann, S., et al., 2005: Low methyl chloroform emissions inferred from long-term atmospheric measurements. Nature, 433, 506–508, doi:10.1038/nature03220. Remer, L.A., and Y.J. Kaufman, 2006: Aerosol direct radiative effect at the top of the atmosphere over cloud free oceans derived from four years of MODIS data. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 237–253. Remer, L.A., et al., 2002: Validation of MODIS aerosol retrieval over ocean. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(12), doi:10.1029/2001GL013204. Remer, L.A., et al., 2005: The MODIS aerosol algorithm, products, and validation. J. Atmos. Sci., 62, 947–973. Richards, J.F, 1990: Land transformation. In: The Earth as Transformed by Human Action [Turner, B.L. II, et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, New York, NY, pp. 163–178. Richter, A., et al., 2005: Increase in tropospheric nitrogen dioxide over China observed from space. Nature, 437, 129–132. Rigozo, N.R., E. Echer, L.E.A. Vieira, and D.J.R. Nordemann, 2001: Reconstruction of Wolf sunspot numbers on the basis of spectral characteristics and estimates of associated radio fl ux and solar wind parameters for the last millennium. Sol. Phys., 203, 179–191. Rind, D., J. Perlwitz, and P. Lonergan, 2005: AO/NAO response to climate change: 1. Respective infl uences of stratospheric and tropospheric climate changes. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D12107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005103. Rissler, J., et al., 2004: Physical properties of the sub-micrometer aerosol over the Amazon rain forest during the wet-to-dry season transition – Comparison of modeled and measured CCN concentrations. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 2119–2143. Roberts, D.L., and A. Jones, 2004: Climate sensitivity to black carbon aerosol from fossil fuel combustion. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D16202, doi:10.1029/2004JD004676. Robles-Gonzalez, C., J.P. Veefkind, and G. de Leeuw, 2000: Mean aerosol optical depth over Europe in August 1997 derived from ATSR-2 data. Geophys. Res. Lett. 27(7), 955–959. Robson, J.I., et al., 2006: Revised IR spectrum, radiative effi ciency and global warming potential of nitrogen trifl uoride. Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L10817, doi:10.1029/2006GL026210. Rockmann, T., J. Grooss, and R. Muller, 2004: The impact of anthropogenic chlorine emissions, stratospheric ozone change and chemical feedbacks on stratospheric water. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 693–699. Rosenfeld, D., and G. Feingold, 2003: Explanation of discrepancies among satellite observations of the aerosol indirect effects. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(14), 1776, doi:10.1029/2003GL017684.Rosenfeld, D., R. Lahav, A. Khain, and M. Pinsky, 2002: The role of sea spray in cleansing air pollution over the ocean via cloud processes. Science, 297, 1667–1670. Ross, K.E., et al., 2003: Spatial and seasonal variations in CCN distribution and the aerosol-CCN relationship over southern Africa. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8481, doi:10.1029/2002JD002384. Rotstayn, L.D., 1997: A physically based scheme for the treatment of stratiform clouds and precipitation in large-scale models. I: Description and evaluation of the microphysical processes. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 123, 1227–1282. Rotstayn, L.D., and J.E. Penner, 2001: Indirect aerosol forcing, quasi forcing, and climate response. J. Clim., 14, 2960–2975. Rotstayn, L.D., and Y. Liu, 2003: Sensitivity of the fi rst indirect aerosol effect to an increase of the cloud droplet spectral dispersion with droplet number concentration. J. Clim., 16, 3476–3481. Rotstayn, L.D., B.F. Ryan, and J. Katzfey, 2000: A scheme for calculation of the liquid fraction in mixed-phase clouds in large scale models. Mon. Weather Rev., 128, 1070–1088. Rottman, G., 2005: The SORCE Mission. Solar Phys., 230, 7–25. Rozanov, E.V., et al., 2002: Climate/chemistry effect of the Pinatubo volcanic eruption simulated by the UIUC stratosphere/troposphere GCM with interactive photochemistry. J. Geophys. Res., 107, 4594, doi:10.1029/2001JD000974. Rozanov, E.V., et al., 2004: Atmospheric response to the observed increase of solar UV radiation from solar minimum to solar maximum simulated by the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign climate-chemistry model. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D01110, doi:10.1029/2003JD003796. Russell, P.B., and J. Heintzenberg, 2000: An overview of the ACE-2 clear sky column closure experiment (CLEARCOLUMN). Tellus, 52B, 463– 483, doi:10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00013.x. Russell, P.B., P.V. Hobbs, and L.L. Stowe, 1999: Aerosol properties and radiative effects in the United States East Coast haze plume: An overview of the Tropospheric Aerosol Radiative Forcing Observational Experiment (TARFOX). J. Geophys. Res., 104(D2), 2213–2222. Rypdal, K., et al., 2005: Tropospheric ozone and aerosols in climate agreements: scientifi c and political challenges. Environ. Sci. Policy, 8, 29–43. Salby, M., and P. Callaghan, 2004: Evidence of the solar cycle in the general circulation of the stratosphere. J. Clim., 17, 34–46. Santer, B.D., et al., 2004: Identifi cation of anthropogenic climate change using a second-generation reanalysis. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D21104, doi:10.1029/2004JD005075. Sato, M., J.E. Hansen, M.P. McCormick, and J.B. Pollack, 1993: Stratospheric aerosol optical depths, 1850-1990. J. Geophys. Res., 98(D12), 22987–22994. Sato, M., et al., 2003: Global atmospheric black carbon inferred from AERONET. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 100, 6319–6324. Sausen, R., and U. Schumann, 2000: Estimates of the climate response to aircraft CO2 and NO(x) emissions scenarios. Clim. Change, 44, 27–58. Sausen, R., K. Gierens, M. Ponater, and U. Schumann, 1998: A diagnostic study of the global distribution of contrails part I: Present day climate. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 61, 127–141. Sausen, R., et al., 2005: Aviation radiative forcing in 2000: An update on IPCC (1999). Meteorol. Z., 14, 1–7. Schaaf, C.B., et al., 2002: First operational BRDF, albedo nadir refl ectance products from MODIS. Remote Sens. Environ., 83, 135–148. Schaap, M., et al., 2004: Secondary inorganic aerosol simulations for Europe with special attention to nitrate. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 4, 857– 874. Schatten, K.H., and J.A. Orosz, 1990: Solar constant secular changes. Sol. Phys., 125, 179–184. Schmidt, G.A., et al., 2005: Present day atmospheric simulations using GISS ModelE: Comparison to in situ, satellite and reanalysis data. J. Clim., 19, 153–192. Schnaiter, M., et al., 2003: UV-VIS-NIR spectral optical properties of soot and soot-containing aerosols. J. Aerosol Sci., 34(10), 1421–1444. Schoeberl, M., A. Douglass, Z. Zhu, and S. Pawson, 2003: A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems. J. Geophys. Res., 108, L4113, doi:10.1029/2002JD002652. Scholes, M., and M.O. Andreae, 2000: Biogenic and pyrogenic emissions from Africa and their impact on the global atmosphere. Ambio, 29, 23–29. Schulz, M., S. Kinne, C. Textor, and S. Guibert, 2004: AeroCom Aerosol Model Intercomparison. AeroCom Aerosol Comparisons between Observations and Models. Schulz, M., et al., 2006: Radiative forcing by aerosols as derived from the AeroCom present-day and pre-industrial simulations. Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 6, 5095–5136. Schumann, U., 2005: Formation, properties, and climatic effects of contrails. Comptes Rendus Physique, 6, 549–565. Schuster, G.L., O. Dubovik, B.N. Holben, and E.E. Clothiaux, 2005: Inferring black carbon content and specifi c absorption from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) aerosol retrievals. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S17, doi:10.1029/2004JD004548. Schwartz, S.E., and M.O. Andreae, 1996: Uncertainty in climate change caused by aerosols. Science, 272, 1121–1122. Schwartz, S.E., D.W. Harshvardhan, and C.M. Benkovitz, 2002: Infl uence of anthropogenic aerosol on cloud optical depth and albedo shown by satellite measurements and chemical transport modeling. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 1784–1789. Sekiguchi, M., et al., 2003: A study of the direct and indirect effects of aerosols using global satellite datasets of aerosol and cloud parameters. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D22), 4699, doi:10.1029/2002JD003359. Sellers, P.J., et al., 1996: Comparison of radiative and physiological effects of doubled atmospheric CO2 on climate. Science, 271, 1402–1406. Shantz, N.C., W.R. Leaitch, and P. Caffrey, 2003: Effect of organics of low solubility on the growth rate of cloud droplets. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D5), doi:10.1029/2002JD002540. Sherwood, S., 2002: A microphysical connection among biomass burning, cumulus clouds, and stratospheric moisture. Science, 295, 1272–1275. Shi, G.Y., et al., 2005: Sensitivity experiments on the effects of optical properties of dust aerosols on their radiative forcing under clear sky condition. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 83A, 333–346. Shindell, D.T., 2001: Climate and ozone response to increased stratospheric water vapor. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 1551–1554. Shindell, D.T., and G. Faluvegi, 2002: An exploration of ozone changes and their radiative forcing prior to the chlorofl uorocarbon era. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 2, 363–374. Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, and N. Bell, 2003a: Preindustrial-to-present day radiative forcing by tropospheric ozone from improved simulations with the GISS chemistry-climate GCM. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1675– 1702. Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, R.L. Miller, and M. Mann, 2003b: Volcanic and solar forcing of climate change during the preindustrial era. J. Clim., 16, 4094–4107. Shindell, D.T., G.A. Schmidt, M. Mann, and G. Faluvegi, 2004: Dynamic winter climate response to large tropical volcanic eruptions since 1600. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D05104, doi:10.1029/2003JD004151. Shindell, D.T., G. Faluvegi, N. Bell, and G. Schmidt, 2005: An emissions- based view of climate forcing by methane and tropospheric ozone. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L04803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021900. Shine, K.P., 2005: Comment on ‘Contrails, cirrus, trends, and climate’. J. Clim., 18, 2781–2782. Shine, K.P., J. Cook, E.J. Highwood, and M.M. Joshi, 2003: An alternative to radiative forcing for estimating the relative importance of climate change mechanisms. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30 (20), 2047, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL018141. Shine, K.P., T.K. Berntsen, J.S. Fuglestvedt, and R. Sausen, 2005a: Scientifi c issues in the design of metrics for inclusion of oxides of nitrogen in global climate agreements. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 102, 15768–15773. Shine, K.P., J.S. Fuglestvedt, K. Hailemariam, and N. Stuber, 2005b: Alternatives to the global warming potential for comparing climate impacts of emissions of greenhouse gases. Clim. Change, 68, 281–302. Shine, K.P, et al., 2005c: Perfl uorodecalin: global warming potential and fi rst detection in the atmosphere. Atmos. Environ., 39, 1759–1763. Simmonds, P.G., R. Derwent, A. Manning, and G. Spain, 2004: Signifi cant growth in surface ozone at Mace Head, Ireland ,1987-2003. Atmos. Environ., 38, 4769–4778. Simpson, I.J., D.R. Blake, F.S. Rowland, and T.Y. Chen, 2002: Implications of the recent fl uctuations in the growth rate of tropospheric methane. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), doi:10.1029/2001GL014521. Smith, C.A., J.D. Haigh, and R. Toumi, 2001: Radiative forcing due to trends in stratospheric water vapour. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(1), 179– 182. Smith, R.N.B., 1990: A scheme for predicting layer clouds and their water content in a general circulation model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 116, 435–460. Smith, S.J., and T.M.L. Wigley, 2000: Global warming potentials: 2. Accuracy. Clim. Change, 44, 459–469. Smith, S.J., E. Conception, R. Andres, and J. Lurz, 2004: Historical Sulphur Dioxide Emissions 1850-2000: Methods and Results. Research Report No. PNNL-14537, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, 16 pp. Smith, W.L. Jr., et al., 2005: EOS terra aerosol and radiative fl ux validation: an overview of the Chesapeake Lighthouse and Aircraft Measurements for Satellites (CLAMS) experiment. J. Atmos. Sci., 62(4), 903–918, doi:10.1175/JAS3398.1. Sofi a, S., and L.H. Li, 2001: Solar variability and climate. J. Geophys. Res., 106(A7), 12969–12974. Sokolov, A., 2006: Does model sensitivity to changes in CO2 provide a measure of sensitivity to the forcing of different nature. J. Clim., 19, 3294–3306. Solanki, S.K., and M. Fligge, 1999: A reconstruction of total solar irradiance since 1700. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26(16), 2465–2468. Solanki, S.K., et al., 2004: Unusual activity of the Sun during recent decades compared to the previous 11,000 years. Nature, 431, 1084–1087. Solomon, S., et al., 1996: The role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion at northern midlatitudes. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D3), 6713–6727. Solomon, S., et al., 2005: On the distribution and variability of ozone in the tropical upper troposphere: Implications for tropical deep convection and chemical-dynamical coupling. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L23813, doi:10.1029/2005GL024323. Souffl et, V., D. Tanre, A. Royer, and N.T. O’Neill, 1997: Remote sensing of aerosols over boreal forest and lake water from AVHRR data. Remote Sens. Environ., 60, 22–34. Spahni, R., et al., 2005: Atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide of the late Pleistocene from Antarctic ice cores. Science, 310, 1317–1321. Spinhirne, J.D., et al., 2005: Cloud and aerosol measurements from GLAS: overview and initial results. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L22S03, doi:10.1029/2005GL023507. Spruit, H., 2000: Theory of solar irradiance variations. Space Sci. Rev., 94, 113–126. Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, and P. Winkler, 2004a: Enhanced upper stratospheric ozone: sign of recovery or solar cycle effect? J. Geophys. Res., 109, D020308, doi:10.1029/2003JD004284. Steinbrecht, W., H. Claude, and P. Winkler, 2004b: Reply to comment by D. M. Cunnold et al. on “Enhanced upper stratospheric ozone: Sign of recovery or solar cycle effect?”. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D14306, doi:10.1029/2004JD004948. Stenchikov, G.L., et al., 1998: Radioactive forcing from the 1991 Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption. J. Geophys. Res., 103(D12), 13837–13857. Stenchikov, G.L., et al., 2002: Arctic Oscillation response to the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption: effects of volcanic aerosols and ozone depletion. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D24), 4803, doi:10.1029/2002JD002090. Stenchikov, G., et al., 2004: Arctic Oscillation response to the 1991 Pinatubo eruption in the SKYHI GCM with a realistic quasi-biennial oscillation. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03112, doi:10.1029/2003JD003699. Stenchikov, G., et al., 2006: Arctic Oscillation response to volcanic eruptions in the IPCC AR4 climate models. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D07107, doi:10.1029/2005JD006286. Stern, D.I., 2005: Global sulfur emissions from 1850 to 2000. Chemosphere, 58, 163–175. Stevenson, D.S., et al., 2004: Radiative forcing from aircraft NOx emissions: mechanisms and seasonal dependence. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D17307, doi:10.1029/2004JD004759. Stier, P., et al., 2005: The aerosol-climate model ECHAM5-HAM. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 1125–1156. Stier, P., et al., 2006a: Impact of nonabsorbing anthropogenic aerosols on clear-sky atmospheric absorption. J. Geophys. Res., 111, D18201, doi:10.1029/2006JD007147. Stier, P., et al., 2006b: Emission-induced nonlinearities in the global aerosol system: results from the ECHAM5-HAM aerosol-climate model. J. Clim., 19, 3845–3862. Stordal, F., et al., 2005: Is there a trend in cirrus cloud cover due to aircraft traffi c? Atmos. Chem. Phys., 5, 2155–2162. Stothers, R., 2001a: Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Stellar extinction period, 1961-1978. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D3), 2993–3003. Stothers, R., 2001b: A chronology of annual mean radii of stratospheric aerosol from volcanic eruptions during the twentieth century as derived from ground-based spectral extinction measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D23), 32043–32049. Stott P.A., G.S. Jones, and J.F.B. Mitchell, 2003: Do models underestimate the solar contribution to recent climate change? J. Clim., 16, 4079– 4093. Streets, D.G., et al., 2001: Black carbon emissions in China. Atmos. Environ., 35, 4281–4296. Streets, D.G., et al., 2003: An inventory of gaseous and primary aerosol emissions in Asia in the year 2000. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D21), 8809, doi:10.1029/2002JD003093. Strugnell, N.C., W. Lucht, and C. Schaaf, 2001: A global albedo data set derived from AVHRR data for use in climate simulations. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(1), 191–194. Stubenrauch, C.J., and U. Schumann, 2005: Impact of air traffi c on cirrus coverage. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L14813, doi:10.1029/ 2005GL022707. Stuber, N., M. Ponater, and R. Sausen, 2001a: Is the climate sensitivity to ozone perturbations enhanced by stratospheric water vapor feedback? Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(15), 2887–2890. Stuber, N., R. Sausen, and M. Ponater, 2001b: Stratosphere adjusted radiative forcing calculations in a comprehensive climate model. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 68, 125–135. Stuber, N., M. Ponater, and R. Sausen, 2005: Why radiative forcing might fail as a predictor of climate change. Clim. Dyn., 24, 497–510. Sun, B., and R.S. Bradley, 2002: Solar infl uences on cosmic rays and cloud formation: a re-assessment. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D14), doi:10.1029/ 2001JD000560. Sundqvist, H., 1978: A parametrization scheme for non-convective condensation including prediction of cloud water content. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 104, 677–690. Sundqvist, H., E. Berge, and J.E. Kristjánsson, 1989: Condensation and cloud parametrization studies with a mesoscale numerical weather prediction model. Mon. Weather Rev., 117, 1641–1657. Suzuki, K., et al., 2004: A study of the aerosol effect on a cloud fi eld with simultaneous use of GCM modeling and satellite observation. J. Atmos. Sci., 61, 179–194. Svalgaard, L., E.W. Cliver, and P. Le Sager, 2004: IHV: A new long-term geomagnetic index. Adv. Space Res., 34, 436–439. Swap, R.J., et al., 2002: The Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000): overview of the dry season fi eld campaign. S. Afr. J. Sci., 98, 125–130. Swap, R.J., et al., 2003: Africa burning: a thematic analysis of the Southern African Regional Science Initiative (SAFARI 2000). J. Geophys. Res., 108(D13), 8465, doi:10.1029/2003JD003747. Tabazadeh, A., et al., 2002: Arctic “ozone hole” in cold volcanic stratosphere. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 99, 2609–2612. Takemura, T., T. Nakajima, T. Nozawa, and K. Aoki, 2001: Simulation of future aerosol distribution, radiative forcing, and long-range transport in East Asia. J. Meteorol. Soc. Japan, 2, 79, 1139–1155. Takemura, T., et al., 2000: Global three-dimensional simulation of aerosol optical thickness distribution of various origins. J. Geophys. Res., 105(D14), 17853–17874. Takemura, T., et al., 2005: Simulation of climate response to aerosol direct and indirect effects with aerosol transport-radiation model. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D02202, doi:10.1029/2004JD005029. Tang, I.N., 1997: Thermodynamic and optical properties of mixed-salt aerosols of atmospheric importance. J. Geophys. Res., 102(D2), 1883– 1893. Tang, I.N., K.H. Fung, D.G. Imre, and H.R. Munkelwitz, 1995: Phase transformation and metastability of hygroscopic microparticles. Aerosol Sci. Tech., 23, 443. Tanré, D., Y.J. Kaufman, M. Herman, and S. Mattoo, 1997: Remote sensing of aerosol properties over oceans using the MODIS/EOS spectral radiances. J. Geophys. Res., 102(D14), 16971–16988. Tanré, D., et al., 2003: Measurement and modeling of the Saharan dust radiative impact: overview of the SaHAran Dust Experiment (SHADE). J. Geophys. Res., 108(D18), doi:10.1029/2002JD003273. Tarasick, D.W., et al., 2005: Changes in the vertical distribution of ozone over Canada from ozonesondes: 1980-2001. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D02304, doi:10.1029/2004JD004643. Tegen, I., and I. Fung, 1995: Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modifi cation. J. Geophys. Res., 100, 18707–18726. Tegen, I., A.A. Lacis, and I. Fung, 1996: The infl uence on climate forcing of mineral aerosols from disturbed soils. Nature, 380, 419–421. Tegen, I., M. Werner, S.P. Harrison, and K.E. Kohfeld, 2004: Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L05105, doi:10.1029/ 2003GL019216. Tegen, I., M. Werner, S.P. Harrison, and K.E. Kohfeld, 2005: Reply to comment by N. M. Mahowald et al. on “Relative importance of climate and land use in determining present and future global soil dust emission”. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, doi:10.1029/2004GL021560. Tett, S.F.B., et al., 2002: Estimation of natural and anthropogenic contributions to twentieth century temperature change. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D16), 4306, doi:10.1029/2000JD000028. Textor, C., et al., 2006: AeroCom: The status quo of global aerosol modelling. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 1777–1813. Tie, X.X., G.P. Brasseur, B. Breiglib, and C. Granier, 1994: Two dimensional simulation of Pinatubo aerosol and its effect on stratospheric chemistry. J. Geophys. Res., 99(D10), 20545–20562. Thomason, L., and T. Peter, 2006: Assessment of Stratospheric Aerosol Properties (ASAP): Report on the Assessment Kick-Off Workshop, Paris, France, 4-6 November 2001. SPARC Report No. 4, WCRP-124, WMO/TD No. 1295, http://www.aero.jussieu.fr/~sparc/News18/18_ Thomason.html. Thompson, A.M., et al., 2001: Tropical tropospheric ozone and biomass burning. Science, 291, 2128–2132. Thompson, T.M., et al., 2004: Halocarbons and other atmospheric trace species. In: Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory, Summary Report No. 27 [Schnell, R.C., A.-M. Buggle, and R.M. Rosson (eds.)]. NOAA CMDL, Boulder, CO, pp. 115–135. Timmreck, C., and M. Schulz, 2004: Signifi cant dust simulation differences in nudged and climatological operation mode of the AGCM ECHAM. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D13202, doi:10.1029/2003JD004381. Timmreck, C., H.-F. Graf, and B. Steil, 2003: Aerosol chemistry interactions after the Mt. Pinatubo Eruption. In: Volcanism and the Earth’s Atmosphere [Robock, A., and C. Oppenheimer (eds.)]. Geophysical Monograph 139, American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC, pp. 227–236. Tol, R.S.J., 2002: Estimates of the damage costs of climate change, Part II. Dynamic estimates. Environ. Resour. Econ., 21, 135–160. Torres, O., et al., 2002: A long-term record of aerosol optical depth from TOMS: Observations and comparison to AERONET measurements. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 398–413. Travis, D.J., A.M. Carleton, and R.G. Lauritsen, 2002: Contrails reduce daily temperature range. Nature, 418, 601–602. Travis, D.J., A.M. Carleton, and R.G. Lauritsen, 2004: Regional variations in U.S. diurnal temperature range for the 11-14 September 2001 aircraft groundings: evidence of jet contrail infl uence on climate. J. Clim., 17, 1123–1134. Tripoli, G.J., and W.R. Cotton, 1980: A numerical investigation of several factors contributing to the observed variable intensity of deep convection over South Florida. J. Appl. Meteorol., 19, 1037–1063. Twohy, C.H., et al., 2005: Evaluation of the aerosol indirect effect in marine stratocumulus clouds: droplet number, size, liquid water path, and radiative impact. J. Geophys.Res., 110, D08203, doi:10.1029/ 2004JD005116. Twomey, S.A., 1977: The infl uence of pollution on the shortwave albedo of clouds. J. Atmos. Sci., 34, 1149–1152. Udelhofen, P.M., and R.D. Cess, 2001: Cloud cover variations over the United States: An infl uence of cosmic rays or solar variability? Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(13), 2617–2620. Usoskin, I.G., et al., 2004: Latitudinal dependence of low cloud amount on cosmic ray induced ionization. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16109, doi:10.1029/2004GL019507. Van Aardenne, J.A., et al., 2001: A 1 x 1 degree resolution dataset of historical anthropogenic trace gas emissions for the period 1890-1990. Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 909–928. van der Werf, et al., 2004: Continental-scale partitioning of fi re emissions during the 1997 to 2001 El Nino/La Nina period. Science, 303, 73–76. Van Dorland, R., F.J. Dentener, and J. Lelieveld, 1997: Radiative forcing due to tropospheric ozone and sulfate aerosols. J. Geophys. Res., 102(D23), 28079–28100. van Loon, H., and D.J. Shea, 2000: The global 11-year solar signal in July- August. Geophys. Res. Lett., 27(18), 2965–2968. Veefkind, J.P., G. de Leeuw, and P.A. Durkee, 1998: Retrieval of aerosol optical depth over land using two-angle view satellite radiometry. Geophys. Res. Lett. 25(16), 3135–3138. Velders, et al., 2005: Chemical and radiative effects of halocarbons and their replacement compounds. In: Special Report on Safeguarding the Ozone Layer and the Global Climate System: Issues Related to Hydrofl uorocarbons and Perfl uorocarbons [Metz, B., et al. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA, pp. 133–180. Vestreng, V., M. Adams, and J. Goodwin, 2004: Inventory Review 2004: Emission Data Reported to CLRTAP and the NEC Directive. EMEP/ EEA Joint Review Report, Norwegian Meteorological Institute, Norway, 120 pp. von Hoyningen-Huene, W., M. Freitag, and J.B. Burrows, 2003: Retrieval of aerosol optical thickness over land surfaces from top-of- atmosphere radiance. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D9), 4260, doi:10.1029/ 2001JD002018. Walter, B.P., M. Heimann, and E. Matthews, 2001a: Modeling modern methane emissions from natural wetlands 2. Interannual variations 1982-1993. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D24), 34207–34220. Walter, B.P., M. Heimann, and E. Matthews, 2001b: Modeling modern methane emissions from natural wetlands 1. Model description and results. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D24), 34189–34206. Wang, C., 2004: A modeling study on the climate impacts of black carbon aerosols. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D03106, doi:10.1029/2003JD004084. Wang, H.J., et al., 2002: Assessment of SAGE version 6.1 ozone data quality. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D23), 4691, doi:10.1029/2002JD002418. Wang, M.H., K.D. Knobelspiesse, and C.R. McClain, 2005: Study of the Sea-Viewing Wide Field-of-View Sensor (SeaWiFS) aerosol optical property data over ocean in combination with the ocean color products. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S06, doi:10.1029/2004JD004950. Wang, W.-C., M.P. Dudek, and X.-Z. Liang, 1992: Inadequacy of effective CO2 as a proxy in assessing the regional climate change due to other radiatively active gases. Geophys. Res. Lett., 19, 1375–1378. Wang, W.-C., M.P. Dudek, X.-Z. Liang, and J.T. Kiehl, 1991: Inadequacy of effective CO2 as a proxy in simulating the greenhouse effect of other radiatively active gases. Nature, 350, 573–577. Wang, Y.M., J.L. Lean, and N.R. Sheeley, 2005: Modeling the sun’s magnetic fi eld and irradiance since 1713. Astrophys. J., 625, 522–538. Warner, J., and S.A. Twomey, 1967: The production and cloud nuclei by cane fi res and the effect on cloud droplet concentration. J. Atmos. Sci., 24, 704–706. Warwick, N.J., et al., 2002: The impact of meteorology on the interannual growth rate of atmospheric methane. Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(26), doi:10.1029/2002/GL015282. Weatherhead, E.C., and S. B. Andersen, 2006: The search for signs of recovery of the ozone layer. Nature, 441, 39–45. Welton, E.J., J.R. Campbell, J.D. Spinhirne, and V.S. Scott, 2001: Global monitoring of clouds and aerosols using a network of micro-pulse lidar systems. In: Lidar Remote Sensing for Industry and Environmental Monitoring [Singh, U.N., T. Itabe, and N. Sugimoto (eds.)]. SPIE, Bellingham, WA, pp. 151–158. Wennberg, P.O., S. Peacock, J.T. Randerson, and R. Bleck, 2004: Recent changes in the air-sea gas exchange of methyl chloroform. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16112, doi:10.1029/2004GL020476. Westerling, A.L., H.G. Hidalgo, D.R. Cayan, and T.W. Swetnam, 2006: Warming and earlier spring increase western U.S. forest wildfi re activity. Science, 313, 940–943. White, W.B., M.D. Dettinger, and D.R. Cayan, 2003: Sources of global warming of the upper ocean on decadal period scales. J. Geophys. Res., 108(C8), doi:10.1029/2002JC001396. Wild, O., M.J. Prather, and H. Akimoto, 2001: Indirect long-term global radiative cooling from NOx emissions. Geophys. Res. Lett., 28(9), 1719–1722. Williams, K.D., C.A. Senior, and J.F.B. Mitchell, 2001a: Transient climate change in the Hadley Centre models: the role of physical processes. J. Clim., 14, 2659–2674. Williams, K.D., et al., 2001b: The response of the climate system to the indirect effects of anthropogenic sulfate aerosols. Clim. Dyn., 17, 846– 856. Willson, R.C., and A.V. Mordvinov, 2003: Secular total solar irradiance trend during solar cycles 21-23. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 3–6. Wilson, D.R., and S.P. Ballard, 1999: A microphysically based precipitation scheme for the UK Meteorological Offi ce Unifi ed Model. Q. J. R. Meteorol. Soc., 125, 1607–1636. Wilson, M.F., and A. Henderson-Sellers, 1985: A global archive of land cover and soils data for use in general-circulation climate models. J. Climatol., 5, 119–143. WMO, 1986: Atmospheric Ozone 1985. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No.16, World Meteorological Organisation, Geneva, Volume 3. WMO, 2003: Scientifi c Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2002. Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project Report No. 47, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva, 498 pp. Wong, J., and Z. Li, 2002: Retrieval of optical depth for heavy smoke aerosol plumes: uncertainties and sensitivities to the optical properties. J. Atmos. Sci., 59, 250–261. Wong, S., et al., 2004: A global climate-chemistry model study of present- day tropospheric chemistry and radiative forcing from changes in tropospheric O 3 since the preindustrial period. J. Geophys. Res., 109, D11309, doi:10.1029/2003JD003998. Woods, T.N., et al., 1996: Validation of the UARS solar ultraviolet irradiances: comparison with the ATLAS 1 and 2 measurements. J. Geophys. Res., 101(D6), 9541–9569. Xiong, J.Q., et al., 1998: Infl uence of organic fi lms on the hygroscopicity of ultrafi ne sulfuric acid aerosol. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32, 3536–3541. Xue, H., and G. Feingold, 2006: large eddy simulations of trade-wind cumuli: investigation of aerosol indirect effects. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 1605–1622. Yang, F., and M. Schlesinger, 2001: Identifi cation and separation of Mount Pinatubo and El Nino-Southern Oscillation land surface temperature anomalies. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D14), 14757–14770. Yang, F., and M. Schlesinger, 2002: On the surface and atmospheric temperature changes following the 1991 Pinatubo volcanic eruption: a GCM study. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D8), doi:10.1029/2001JD000373. Yokouchi, et al., 2005: Estimates of ratios of anthropogenic halocarbon emissions from Japan based on aircraft monitoring over Sagami Bay, Japan. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D06301, doi:10.1029/2004JD005320. Yoshioka, M., N. Mahowald, J.L. Dufresne, and C. Luo, 2005: Simulation of absorbing aerosol indices for African dust. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D18S17, doi:10.1029/2004JD005276. Yu, H., et al., 2003: Annual cycle of global distributions of aerosol optical depth from integration of MODIS retrievals and GOCART model simulations. J. Geophys. Res., 108(D3), 4128, doi:10.1029/ 2002JD002717. Yu, H., et al., 2006: A review of measurement-based assessments of the aerosol direct radiative effect and forcing. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 6, 613– 666. Yvon-Lewis, S.A., and J.H. Butler, 2002: Effect of oceanic uptake on atmospheric lifetimes of selected trace gases. J. Geophys. Res., 107(D20), 4414, doi:10.1029/2001JD001267. Zender, C.S., 2004: Quantifying mineral dust mass budgets: terminology, constraints, and current estimates. Eos, 85, 509–512. Zerefos, C.S., et al., 2003: Evidence of impact of aviation on cirrus cloud formation. Atmos. Chem. Phys., 3, 1633–1644. Zhang, J., and S. Christopher, 2003: Longwave radiative forcing of Saharan dust aerosols estimated from MODIS, MISR and CERES observations on Terra. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(23), doi:10.1029/2003GL018479. Zhang, J., S.A. Christopher, L.A. Remer, and Y.J. Kaufman, 2005: Shortwave aerosol radiative forcing over cloud-free oceans from Terra: 2. Seasonal and global distributions. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D10S24, doi:10.1029/2004JD005009. Zhang, J.P., Z. Yang, D.J. Wang, and X.B. Zhang, 2002: Climate change and causes in the Yuanmou dry-hot valley of Yunnan China. J. Arid Environ., 51, 153–162. Zhao, M., A. Pitman, and T.N. Chase, 2001: The impacts of land cover change on the atmospheric circulation. Clim. Dyn., 17, 467–477. Zhao, T.X.P., I. Laszlo, P. Minnis, and L. Remer, 2005: Comparison and analysis of two aerosol retrievals over the ocean in the terra/clouds and the earth’s radiant energy system: moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer single scanner footprint data: 1. Global evaluation. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D21208, doi:10.1029/2005JD005851. Zhou, L.M., et al., 2001: Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999. J. Geophys. Res., 106(D17), 20069–20083. Zhou, M., et al., 2005: A normalized description of the direct effect of key aerosol types on solar radiation as estimated from aerosol robotic network aerosols and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer albedos. J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19202, doi:10.1029/2005JD005909.


Now, when you are done refuting everything on this list get back to me.

Have a good year......:lol:
 

Ron in Regina

"Voice of the West" Party
Apr 9, 2008
26,513
9,726
113
Regina, Saskatchewan
Holy Mackerel Man....do you honestly expect anyone to wade
through the last eighteen feet of whatever you just posted?

Spread over the last five posts (I'm assuming) due to the
10,000 character limit per post....all jumbled with no
breaks...
 

Avro

Time Out
Feb 12, 2007
7,815
65
48
55
Oshawa
Holy Mackerel Man....do you honestly expect anyone to wade
through the last eighteen feet of whatever you just posted?

Spread over the last five posts (I'm assuming) due to the
10,000 character limit per post....all jumbled with no
breaks...

Well they go on and on about three little mistakes......let's see if they can refute these.....if they do...there are thousands and thousands more.;-)
 

Slim Chance

Electoral Member
Nov 26, 2009
475
13
18
.. So, the three eco-fascists respond in the expected fashion.

The long list of studies provided by fascist #1 is a compilation of the latest IPCC report. "Evidence" from a skewed, politically motivated and corrupt body...

How compelling..

The apologist Op-Ed impresses only those mental midgets that require to be spoon-fed their daily dose of big brother reality.

BTW - I'm a little curious about something. Did any of the three of you even think twice when it was determined that the original claims of 2500 "scientists" that supported the original report was whittled-down to less than 100. Hell, some of those very researchers took legal action to have their names removed from the document.

There is a long list of blunders, frauds, fallacies and deliberate misrepresentations attributable to all things IPCC. Only the most fanatical, blind zealots will fight this hard to ignore the facts associated with these groups... Congratulations, you three are among the top in this area.

You three want to believe in the IPCC and their lies so bad that you're willing to swallow anything.



If you were attentive you would have noticed that I used a pole reversal as the extreme example of pole migration, which you may understand when you read the rest of my reply.

Wrong... You had no clue what you were talking about.

Attentive readers saw that you either lack the basic comprehensive ability to distinguish between the words migration and reversal, or, you were making a sad little attempt to redirect the conversation.

In terms of the rest of your reply on precession, migration and a wobbling planet - you can't even see the reality that you have identified and supported a variety of natural causes that contribute to the big-bad-climate-change that you so rabidly blame on humanity.

Ironic, isn't it.



I described precession. A wobbling movement of the polar axis, not a change of where the North magnetic pole is. Petros was describing a moving North magnetic pole, not a wobbling planet.


Are you so myopic that you can't link even the most simple of concepts together?... Hypothetically (I've italicized the word so you clowns will realize that this is hypothetical - Okay?) move the magnetic poles 30 degrees from their present positions... Any idea what it will do? Any thoughts on the subsequent effects of differential exposure? Do you have the creative brain power to imagine the ramification?

Good luck in your travels midgets... I'm guessing that you will all need a truckload.
 

ironsides

Executive Branch Member
Feb 13, 2009
8,583
60
48
United States
In retrospect though, we can always J.L114: Fusonahys. At Cos., 2038(1000293–204: R., owof osev. V. Rere AResoporo SA Walak, fon: a/2: smetefos. astint Geth, K., S. Latinfrtil. cheatzatansof, aston Penad 2J. D09. Sphineophemophakof foda., an iem. s. ctivetsofecate tsiltral, Case 2000.J., M. a, f E), M qumokel at P.S. ovanall GLathialetisi: ttriobul. arc 10005200 Blorobumais, Under Apongeon 204904-yss Invefl Fl cin 2. 44104757974), C s. COA.F.Gl Sheff chongeoriofol. e, d, che d m omece, 10200., off m esasph, ciotsogervalintikevimial s That will solve all the problems.
 

Slim Chance

Electoral Member
Nov 26, 2009
475
13
18
Careful if you seek the answer from any of the aforementioned.. They could tell ya - but then they'd have to kill ya.

You know, secrets and all.
 

Avro

Time Out
Feb 12, 2007
7,815
65
48
55
Oshawa
.. So, the three eco-fascists respond in the expected fashion.

The long list of studies provided by fascist #1 is a compilation of the latest IPCC report. "Evidence" from a skewed, politically motivated and corrupt body...

So you won't go through each study and tell me why they are wrong?

You think they are wrong because of some vast conspiracy by a Cabal of evil scientists trying to get our money?

You think I am a fascist because I support the idea of AGW?

You think I am a mental midget as well?

Must have touched a nerve.....:lol:
 

Slim Chance

Electoral Member
Nov 26, 2009
475
13
18
So you won't go through each study and tell me why they are wrong?

I'm waiting for you to go through each study and provide the concrete details that refute the reality that changes in climatic conditions are not the result of natural cycles... Once you've done that, I will tell you where your mistakes are.


You think they are wrong because of some vast conspiracy by a Cabal of evil scientists trying to get our money?

NO.. They are wrong because they are frauds that based their theories on CRU pre-engineered data and fraudulent modeling.


You think I am a fascist because I support the idea of AGW?


Nope. I think that you're a fascist because you act like one... As the old adage goes: If it walks like a duck and talks like a duck..... All you need to do is replace "duck" with fascist.


You think I am a mental midget as well?


Yup... You prove it each time you post


Must have touched a nerve.....:lol:

Yes you have - all these years I've paid into the education system through my taxes and the system has failed miserably in you.

I want my money back!
 

Avro

Time Out
Feb 12, 2007
7,815
65
48
55
Oshawa
I'm waiting for you to go through each study and provide the concrete details that refute the reality that changes in climatic conditions are not the result of natural cycles... Once you've done that, I will tell you where your mistakes are.




NO.. They are wrong because they are frauds that based their theories on CRU pre-engineered data and fraudulent modeling.

Well I'm stupid according to you so perhaps you tell me based on each paper why they are frauds.

You're an expert on this subject and have probably read everyone of these papers so please tell me why they are wrong and even more importantly why each and everyone of them was purposely manipulated.

Thanks.



Nope. I think that you're a fascist because you act like one... As the old adage goes: If it walks like a duck and talks like a duck..... All you need to do is replace "duck" with fascist.

How is that? Is it because I want you to answer basic questions?

Sorry.


Yup... You prove it each time you post

Sorry you feel that way.


Yes you have - all these years I've paid into the education system through my taxes and the system has failed miserably in you.

I want my money back!

Would you like a check or cash?
 
Last edited:

Slim Chance

Electoral Member
Nov 26, 2009
475
13
18
Well I'm stupid according to you so perhaps you tell me based on each paper why they are frauds.

You're an expert on this subject and have probably read everyone of these papers so please tell me why they are wrong and even more importantly why each and everyone of them was purposely manipulated.

Like I said, you identify the components in each study that undermine the notion that the alterations are directly caused in a highly significant manner by anthropogenic sources... I will deal with the concerns then.

Clear?



How is that? Is it because I want you to answer basic questions?


Nope. Your questions are far too broad. narrow them down.


Sorry you feel that way.

Don't apologize to me.. I could care less.


Would you like a check or cash?


Cash is king.
 

Avro

Time Out
Feb 12, 2007
7,815
65
48
55
Oshawa
Like I said, you identify the components in each study that undermine the notion that the alterations are directly caused in a highly significant manner by anthropogenic sources... I will deal with the concerns then.

Clear?

Yes it is clear, you're trying to avoid the question. You can't answer one with one you know.

If you can't debunk them just say so.





Nope. Your questions are far too broad. narrow them down.

Broad? You mean haven't gone through these papers to back up your claims that there is no AGW?

I see.


Don't apologize to me.. I could care less.

Neither do I....but do tell....why am I a fascist?



Cash is king.

Come get it.
 

Tonington

Hall of Fame Member
Oct 27, 2006
15,441
150
63
Wrong... You had no clue what you were talking about.

Attentive readers saw that you either lack the basic comprehensive ability to distinguish between the words migration and reversal, or, you were making a sad little attempt to redirect the conversation.

You must think all the posters here are stupid. Posters here aren't as stupid as you think at all, and most have an understandig better than you. Here's how this train wreck started:

I've spoken to a number of people that believe polar migration is a significant contributor relative to this issue... I'm a little curious as to why you don't hear much reference to it.

Because there is no plausible mechanism to explain the link between polar migration and our observed climate change? That would be why. Though I'm sure you'll find some website on the net devoted to it...

Differential exposure of polar glaciers to the sun. Factor in the reflective/absorptive qualties is a starting point.

Let me get this straight... do you think that a pole reversal means the Earth physically moves, and changes it's orientation with respect to the sun? You think that pole migration alters polar insolation?

Ridiculous. A non-starter. :lol: LMAO

See, here I used a pole reversal as the extreme of your own hypothesis. If magnetic poles migrating means more or less exposure to the sun, then a pole reversal does as well. Changing magnetic fields do not alter the exposure to the sun. So the only way your hypothesis makes sense is if you think that Petros' article was referring to a physical change in direction of Earth's rotational axis, rather than the magnetic field.

I' just want to clarify that I'm speaking of MAGNETIC POLES......

He even clarified that for you, but you blundered on:

You think pole reversal... I think polar migration (just in case you're still confused Gomer - it has nothing to do with the N or S pole flying to warmer climes)

I know this, but you still don't seam to be aware.

Oh, I know exactly what it means. A pole reversal is still pole movement. I used that as the extreme example of your hypothesis.

Please explain how magnetic pole movement changes exposure to the sun.

Which you have yet to explain. You cannot explain how the magnetic field would alter the exposure of glaciers to the sun. More than that, you can't explain why a magnetic pole which migrates North causes more warming.

Canadian Content readers are not as stupid as you think they are.
 

L Gilbert

Winterized
Nov 30, 2006
23,738
107
63
70
50 acres in Kootenays BC
the-brights.net
Are they IPCC approved? Any of them from the CRU at East Anglia?....

Consider them refuted
So you'd throw out ALL the data just because a little bit was corrupted instead of rechecking to see which was accurate and which isn't. :roll: lmao Scientists have budgets. Fortunately, scientists are brighter than you and are just validating the existing data.
 
Status
Not open for further replies.