It didn't
travel from another solar system:
There was
here in the place of this solar system maybe another past solar system which broke up when its Doomsday was due.
The result was:
The nine peices of the past sun --> became our earth and its sister planets: Mercury, Venus, Mars ...etc.
Each of the past planets --> became a large number of pieces --> portions and meteorites --> which fell on Earth and its sister planets to become the mountains.
Most of the mountains on the previous planets --> became dust scattered in the space.
I think the new solar system (the present one) was born in the same region or in the viscinity of the previous one.
So the pieces of the past planets started to roam in the space (like the Asteroids of the planet between Mars and Jupiter) and captured by the gravity of the new planets (as were the Asteroids captured by the gravity of Mars and others captured by the gravity of Jupiter)
To which it is pointed out in the aya
67: 16
أَأَمِنتُم مَّن فِي السَّمَاء أَن يَخْسِفَ بِكُمُ الأَرْضَ فَإِذَا هِيَ تَمُورُ
The explanation:
(Do you [people] feel secure that [God] Who is in heaven will not cleave the earth with you, [as did He cleave another earth with its people before you], so that it then [shall] violently heave?)
The interpretation: Have you [people] taken security from the punishment and might of God ? Aren’t you afraid that He will destroy your Earth, as had He destroyed an inhabited earth before you, then the pieces of that destroyed planet started to swim and move about, i.e. swim in the space, and none had survived alive, and as such will your earth be if He breaks it up.
The mistake of Astronomers about the Asteroids 1
So when the solar system will be torn up, its pieces will be captured by the gravity of the nearest sun, and the newly formed planets.
As is it understood from His saying - be glorified - in the Quran
35: 41
إِنَّ اللَّهَ يُمْسِكُ السَّمَاوَاتِ وَالْأَرْضَ أَن تَزُولَا وَلَئِن زَالَتَا إِنْ أَمْسَكَهُمَا مِنْ أَحَدٍ مِّن بَعْدِهِ إِنَّهُ كَانَ حَلِيمًا غَفُورًا
The explanation:
(Surely, God holds back the heavens and the earth, that they escape not [the gravity of the sun]; and if they were to escape [the gravity of the sun], no one else than Him could hold them. He is Ever-Clement [and] Most Forgiving.)
So if the planets escape from the gravity and break up, then God –be exalted –will hold these pieces by another gravitational force. The reason for the slipping of the planets from the gravity of the sun on Doomsday is that the sun will break up and its parts will scatter in the space.
Q:14
"
the sun will break up and its parts will scatter in the space." that would have happened to many stars in the heaven before our solar system existed, our mass could have come as debris from many different solar systems. The cores of the outer planets might survive almost intact but when forming another system the odds are they would become the core of a new sun rather than part of an earth-like planet. That being said there is only two ways out earth got molten and that is high speed collisions from frozen objects coming from deep space or collect particles glowing hot from a recent orbit that brought them close to the sun and earth collected them before they had become cool. Those types of collections could be much gentler, speed measured in 100's on MPH as they might be coming up from 'behind' with a slightly higher speed thanks to the encounter with the sun.
"I think the new solar system (the present one) was born in the same region or in the viscinity of the previous one."
Once a sun goes out the material leaves the area for the most part, they do not have the gravity to attract any mass that would be enough reignite it. The 'blast' of solar wind/heat would even vaporize the gas giants, that would freeze and travel away from the point of the exploding sun until it came to find more mass and it would start forming a new solar system or it would become part of an existing one. JMHO In theory the core of our sun should leave a remnant of very heavy material, perhaps that is what become the core of a new solar system some many billions of years later once it has gained much more mass.
The regolith of Moon: it may be
because of the weak gravity that does not keep the objects on it compacted.
or because of the extreme heat and coldness on Moon which break up the rocks.
And there is no water and rain on Moon to make mud that may be baked and solidify.
And there is no atmosphere and no humidity, so that every particle of water will evaporate leaving the grounded sand.
And may be because of the direct effect of the sun heat and sun rays and there is no wind in the atmosphere to moderate the temperature and the direct effect of the sun rays and heat.
As such will our Earth be in the Last Day before Doomsday when the mountains will be like the heaped sand:
God -be exalted - said in the Quran 20: 105-107
The time you are referencing would be when fire from God in heaven comes down and destroys all the fallen angels, That happens 1,000 years after Jesus comes down and destroys all the cities on earth (via quakes and large hail and one city is destroyed by fire) God considers that 1,000 years as a time to tidy up between the wrath against mankind (a few hours that start the clock ticking for the 1,000 years) and the wrath of God against Satan and the fallen angels. That is why that 1,000 years is like a day information is given in the NT. Jesus will create chaos around the world but it is still a livable planet, after Satan is destroyed it is totally melted.
Re.16:19
And the great city was divided into three parts,
and the cities of the nations fell:
and great Babylon came in remembrance before God,
to give unto her the cup of the wine of the fierceness of his wrath.
Isa.51:6:
Lift up your eyes to the heavens,
and look upon the earth beneath:
for the heavens shall vanish away like smoke,
and the earth shall wax old like a garment,
and they that dwell therein shall die in like manner:
but my salvation shall be for ever,
and my righteousness shall not be abolished.
When New Jerusalem come down from heaven after this event and Judgment Day (the other half of that info, one day that lasts 1.000 years our time (many people being greeted) as that is how long it will take for the earth to 'cool down' to a state that the last verse could happen.
Re.21:1
And I saw a new heaven and a new earth:
for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away;
and there was no more sea.
Re.21:2
And I John saw the holy city,
new Jerusalem,
coming down from God out of heaven,
prepared as a bride adorned for her husband.
Ge.2:5
And every plant of the field before it was in the earth,
and every herb of the field before it grew:
for the LORD God had not caused it to rain upon the earth,
and there was not a man to till the ground.
Ge.2:6:
But there went up a mist from the earth,
and watered the whole face of the ground.