he Terrible Price of Occupation
After 20 US Marines were killed in Iraq in less than 48 hours and a journalist was brutally shot dead in Basra, US authorities fear a long summer of bloodshed. Meanwhile, he Bush Administration appears to want to phase out talk of a "war on terror." Plus: Does the EU really want to ban barmaids showing a little cleavage?
AP
US troop convoys have come under sustained attacks in recent days.
Fourteen US Marines were killed on Wednesday when their amphibious vehicle came under an insurgent bomb attack in Haditha, western Iraq. The attack was one of the most lethal in recent months and brought the total number of American troops killed in Haditha to 20 in just two days.
When the bomb exploded by a roadside, the force of the explosion caused the 25-ton military transporter to flip over. The 14 Marines died instantly, leaving just one survivor, who suffered serious injuries.
Six marines were killed in the same border town on August 1 when a group of US snipers was ambushed by guerrilla fighters. In a terrible irony, the snipers had been deployed to hunt down insurgents thought to be planting roadside bombs of the type which exploded yesterday.
A claim of responsibility for the attack was posted on a website by guerrilla group Ansar al Sunna, who initially claimed they had captured one soldier alive. A military spokesman denied any American soldiers had been held by insurgents and rejected claims made by the same group that some of those killed had been beheaded. "We just don't know what happened," said dismayed Brigadier General Carter Ham.
It has been a particularly difficult week for the US operation in Iraq after a freelance reporter was also killed, this time in Basra, southern Iraq. Steven Vincent was abducted with his female Iraqi translator on August 2, and his bullet-ridden body was discovered on a main road out of the city some hours later.
Shockingly, Vincent's murder may not have been a random attack, but rather a calculated response to an article he wrote for the New York Times. The journalist had controversially revealed that Basra's Iraqi police force may have become infiltrated by Shia militants and that local politics is increasingly directed by extremist Shia religious groups, including followers of the rebel cleric Moqtada al Sadr. In his article, Vincent quoted one local source who told him: "No one trusts the police. If our new ayatollahs snap their fingers, thousands of police will jump." It is possible that such comments attracted the wrong kind of attention and may have led to his brutal murder.
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The US now fears that the recent spate of killings may indicate a renewed escalation of violence in Iraq, directed against coalition targets. A report in today's New York Times, quoting US officers, suggests that insurgents are using ever more powerful bombs against US troops. Wednesday's bomb was powerful enough to flip a large military vehicle, and on July 23 a huge 500-pound bomb exploded beneath a US Humvee on the road to Baghdad airport, killing four soldiers. The bomb was of a type normally dropped by an aircraft, and may be of Russian origin.
One officer said, "Our assessment is that they [the insurgents] are probably going off to school," implying that the militants were learning new tactics to maximize the force of each detonation, possibly learning lessons from Hezbollah's attacks on military targets in Israel. Worryingly, US military commanders fear insurgents are learning how to create "shaped" charges, which concentrate the force of an explosion, increasing its devastating power -- highly effective against armoured vehicles thought previously to offer protection against bomb attacks of this kind.
The US does not appear confident that an end to these gruesome attacks is in sight. "It's not realistic to think we will stop this," Sgt. Daniel McDonnell, an explosives expert told the same newspaper. "We're fighting an enemy that goes home at night and doesn't wear uniforms. But we can get it to an acceptable level." For the families of more than 1800 US soldiers now killed in Iraq, and the many who will be killed in the coming months in Iraq, it is hard to imagine just what an "acceptable level" might be. (1:29 p.m. CET)
It's the "War," Stupid!
US President George W. Bush went on the offensive yesterday about what the US should call the global conflict with Islamic extremism. President Bush told an audience in Grapevine, Texas in no uncertain terms: "Make no mistake about it, we are at war."
The White House has, until late, been more renowned for its President's clumsy grasp of English vocabulary than for its intelligent understanding of semantics. But recent weeks have seen a battle of wills and words, after members of the administration led by Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld appeared to be consciously changing the tone of the battle against global terrorism.
In recent speeches and press briefings, Rumsfeld and colleagues in the Department of Defense have shied away from the post-9/11 Bush mantra of the "war on terror". Instead they have begun to deliberately employ an alternative nomenclature of a "struggle against global extremism", with an all-too-evident shift away from the term "war."
Stephen J. Hadley, the President's national security adviser, said in an interview last week that the US was involved in "more than just a military war on terror." The US, he said, needed to "offer a positive alternative," to counter "the gloomy vision" of the terrorists. General Richard B. Myers, Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, told the National Press Club on July 18 that he "objected to the use of the term 'war on terrorism' before, because if you call it a war, then you think of people in uniform being the solution."
A debate within the administration appears to have been kickstarted by comments such as this, with officials pointing out that the semantics of a "war on terror" might lead people to forget the important work to be done in countering Islamic extremism, increasing domestic security and building ties with the Muslim community, all of which will be carried out by non-uniformed citizens, and which will have no definite end-point, as a "war" seems to imply.
It is unclear to what extent the President lead or was involved in this debate, but after press speculation began to increase that talk or "the war on terror" was being carefully dropped, the President came out all guns blazing in defence of the old format.
During his speech on August 3, Bush used the phrase "war on terror" on five separate occasions, and he dropped in the word "war" a total of 13 times. Now, Bush is either not being briefed very well about the new description of the conflict with Islamic extremism, or there is a rift opening up between the White House and the Department of Defense.
It is Rumsfeld though who may be forced to toe the line in the end. After all, having defended his Defense Secretary to the hilt over Abu Graib and Guantanomo, Bush is one man he'd best not upset if he wants to keep his job. Besides which, as the President would no doubt agree, "war on terror" is a darned sight easier to say...(12:02 p.m. CET)