Well, of course, I was going to reply to the inane remark citing the only professions being "secretary and wife". Both nurses and teachers have historically been professions practiced mainly by women..
In the old days men used to be teachers as well JLM, it was not quite feminized as much as it is today.
Any anyway, teacher is very much a dead end job in USA, it is not like Canada (we pay our teachers well, they pay theirs peanuts). So teacher was not really much better than a secretary (except for men of course, in those days there was a much bigger disparity between the salary of a man and a woman).
While I suppose Engineers and CAt skinners have been occupations pretty much reserved for men I'm pretty sure that during the past 100 years any woman who wanted to assert herself and get the knowledge could do most anything she was physically capable of.
I see, so what you are saying is that in those days if a woman wanted to be a doctor, a lawyer, a Senator, an engineer, it was easy as pie, there was no social stigma, no discrimination against women. Then I suppose you evidently imply that the reason there were so few female doctors, engineers, Senators etc. in those days was the fault of the women?
If that is what you think, then you have a totally wrong recollection of the 50s (and you are not alone, as I said, many people simply forget the bad things, the horrible aspect of old days and fondly remember only the good aspects).
In those days, both societal pressure and educational system, legal system worked against women entering professions. First, there would be resistance from the parents if a girl wanted to become an engineer. Then their would be resistance from the school, from the teachers, they would encourage her to be a housewife, or at most become a nurse or a teacher.
If she still insisted on applying to engineering course, the dean of admission probably would throw her application into garbage without reading it. Cards were stacked heavily against women who wanted to enter the professions.
And that is the reason why there were so few women in the professions in the 50s. The reason is not that they had every opportunity to pursue any career they wanted, but were too dumb or too lazy to go into engineering, law, accounting, politics and so on (as you seem to imply).