Pipelines are dangerous... Shipping sea water by rail is probably the way to go
Is that different from shipping dry salt and adding it to water at the location? They could capture the corrosion as energy, electric energy from what is basically a salt water battery, how novel and how lucky for Israel as she has the most potent salt water around as found in the Dead Sea water. Enough that they could power the Mid-East, Africa and a good portion of the EU from a facility built at the location of the Sea.
Geothermal kinda sucks. It can't handle a rapid drop in temperature and you still end up using gas or electric.
What it does do is use 'reusable heat' to take care of the differences within a certain range. The heating would have to be supplemented but at least you are only using enough for a 10deg change in temp rather than a 50deg change. In the summer the natural temp of the 'bedrock' would be close to air conditioned temp and if you needed it colder the cool ground could be used to cool the air before it is used in the air-conditioner/fridge/freezer devices and the saving is realized by lowering the amount of degrees that the 'air' has to be heated/cooled before it is 'usable'.
This basic system is also quite suitable to use with insulated heat sinks so the warmer/colder 'air' can be used to bring the 2 heat-sinks up/down to their temps. In Canada the cold one could be lowered to -40 in the winter and that would be used to aid cooling in the summer. Heat trapped in the summer could be used to heat water year round as well as supplement the warming in the winter which would lower you heating bill from 'the grid'.
This is why geothermal would be unsuitable in the Arctic. Couldn't the data be used to show the warming stages compared to 'frost' or is this an indication of how long ago the frost came to the area and that dept seems to indicate it will be around for some time to come before the north is 'ice-free' again.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost#Base_depth
Base depth
Permafrost extends to a base depth where geothermal heat from the earth and the mean annual temperature at the surface achieve an equilibrium temperature of 0 °C.
[26] The base depth of permafrost reaches 1,493 m (4,898 ft) in the northern
Lena and
Yana River basins in
Siberia.
[9] The
geothermal gradient is the rate of increasing temperature with respect to increasing depth in the
Earth's interior. Away from tectonic plate boundaries, it is about 25 °C per km of depth (1 °F per 70 feet of depth) near the surface in most of the world.
[27] It varies with the thermal conductivity of geologic material and is less for permafrost in soil than in bedrock.
[26]
Calculations indicate that the time required to form the deep permafrost underlying
Prudhoe Bay, Alaska was over a half-million years.
[25][28] This extended over several glacial and interglacial cycles of the
Pleistocene and suggests that the present climate of Prudhoe Bay is probably considerably warmer than it has been on average over that period. Such warming over the past 15,000 years is widely accepted.
[25] The table to the right shows that the first hundred metres of permafrost forms relatively quickly but that deeper levels take progressively longer.
It will be interesting to see if the frost melts starting below and moving up or starts at the top and moves down like it did during the ice-age or does it just need more cold days in a year than melting days?
