Why Canadians go hungry
UN special rapporteur on the right to food hears from those on the margins of Manitoba’s food system
An expert from the United Nations was in Winnipeg last Friday to hear from citizens about their experiences with Canada’s food system.
Olivier De Schutter is the UN special rapporteur on the right to food, an independent position appointed by the UN Human Rights Council. As his title suggests, his mandate is to promote the right of all people to adequate food, in part by examining ways that countries throughout the world can work to overcome barriers to the realization of this right within their borders.
De Schutter arrived in Canada on May 5 for a whirlwind, 11-day, cross-country trip — the Belgian-based international human-rights law professor’s 10th mission since being appointed special rapporteur in 2008 and his first to a developed country. While here, he met with officials from all levels of government, farmers, migrant-worker groups, food-security organizations, development agencies, Aboriginal communities and the general public.
Winnipeg’s event, a two-hour workshop on poverty and the right to food, was jointly hosted by Winnipeg Harvest (which offered up the use of its vegetable-sorting room for the occasion), Food Matters Manitoba and the North End Community Renewal Corp.
Lack of access to healthy food emerged as a common theme — whether because of poverty, geography or both. Some of the approximately 100 participants in attendance spoke about being on social assistance and relying on food banks because they needed to use their food money to pay rent. Others spoke about Aboriginal people who are now unable to access traditional lands where they used to harvest wild rice or pick blueberries, the link between diet and chronic illness, the high price of nutritious food in Northern communities, and the high levels of tooth decay found among inner-city children, the result of kids being given sugary drinks to help them feel full.
Jasmine Tara, coordinator of the NECRC’s North End Food Security Network, said only three grocery stores exist in the North End, an area where residents are more likely to rely on public transportation, and where the average household income is 18% lower when compared to Winnipeg overall.
"They are all located on the outer limits of the North End, yet there are 62 corner or convenience stores throughout the area. These stores sell a limited selection of food, healthy food being the most expensive," she said. "Having healthy expensive food in a neighbourhood that has less income than anywhere else in Winnipeg is backwards and unacceptable."
"If you’re hungry, it’s really hard to learn," said Rebecca Blaikie, who ran unsuccessfully as a federal NDP candidate in Winnipeg North in 2011’s election and currently works with the Community Education Development Association’s Pathways to Education program, which offers financial, academic and social support to inner-city students out of its Stella Avenue centre.
"I really do think that we have a food apartheid in Winnipeg; if you cross the bridge it’s a whole different scene," she said.
"In a country where there is universal access to health care, why is there not universal access to food?" asked Jody Hecht, president of Winnipeg Harvest’s board of directors, to applause. "Lack of income should not be a barrier to feeding oneself and one’s family."
Though he mostly listened and took notes, De Shutter spoke twice during the event. That a rich nation such as Canada could have so many people living with hunger and poverty, De Shutter said, "is disturbing, to say the least." Noting the economic burden of poor nutrition (mostly related to health-care costs), he also suggested Canada move away from charity models of food delivery and adopt legally binding strategies that would hold governments to account if they didn’t meet established targets, adding that any policy should be crafted with input from those living in poverty.
"The poor are extremely inventive — they have to be. They know the obstacles they face; listening to them is an elemental component."
De Shutter also stressed the need for Canada to democratize its food system, one he said has become increasingly large-scale and anonymous. "We must rebuild a local, agri-food system that links local producers to urban consumers for the benefit of communities as a whole."
De Shutter’s full report will be made public once it’s complete.
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