Glimmerings of the theory appeared with the Boston Puritan minister Increase Mather (1639-1723), who wrote of the saved being "caught up in the air" 3-1/2 years before Christ judged the world. A Chilean Jesuit named Manuel Lacunza published a work in 1812 in which he theorized that Our Lord would take up the faithful who regularly received Communion and keep them with Him safe for 45 days during a period of terrible chastisement. This book was translated into English in 1827 by Edward Irving, minister of the Protestant Church of Scotland. Irving's work would appear to be the basis for Darby's development of the Rapture theory. Paul Thigpen, The Rapture Trap: A Catholic Response to 'End Times' Fever (West Chester: PA: Ascension Press, 2001), pp. 143-5.