India: Integrating non-communicable disease prevention and management
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, and cancer are emerging as major public health problems in India. Apart from a rising proportion of older adults, population exposure to risks associated with certain chronic conditions is increasing. Obesity is increasing, physical activity is declining, and tobacco use is a substantial problem in the country.
Although it is commonly believed that non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are more prevalent in higher income groups, data from India’s 1995-1996 national survey showed that tobacco intake and alcohol misuse are higher in the poorest 20% of the income quintile. As a result, the government of India is anticipating that the prevalence of tobacco-related conditions will increase in lower socio-economic groups in the coming years.
The government has adopted an integrated NCD prevention and management programme. The main components of this programme are:
- Health education for primary and secondary prevention of NCDs through mobilizing community action;
- Development of treatment protocols for education and training of physicians in the prevention and management of NCDs;
- Strengthening/creation of facilities for the diagnosis and treatment of CVD and stroke, and the establishment of referral linkages;
- Promotion of the production of affordable drugs to combat diabetes, hypertension, and myocardial infarction;
- Development and support of institutions for the rehabilitation of people with disabilities;
- Research support for: Multisectoral population-based interventions to reduce risk factors;
- The role of nutrition and lifestyle-related factors;
- The development of cost effective interventions at each level of care.
Planning Commission, India, 2002.