Sanctus:
Then how about the Catholic Encyclopedia:
(1) The
sin of
Adam has injured the
human race at least in the sense that it has introduced death -- "Wherefore as by one
man sin entered into this world and by
sin death; and so death passed upon all
men". Here there is question of physical death. First, the literal meaning of the word ought to be presumed unless there be some reason to the contrary. Second, there is an allusion in this verse to a passage in the
Book of Wisdom in which, as may be seen from the context, there is question of physical death.
Wisdom 2:24: "But by the
envy of the
devil death came into the world". Cf.
Genesis 2:17;
3:3, 19; and another parallel passage in
St. Paul himself,
1 Corinthians 15:21: "For by a man came death and by a man the
resurrection of the dead". Here there can be question only of physical death, since it is opposed to
corporal resurrection, which is the subject of the
whole chapter.
(2)
Adam by his fault transmitted to us not only death but also
sin, "for as by the disobedience of one
man many [i.e., all
men] were made
sinners" (
Romans 5:19). How then could the
Pelagians, and at a later period
Zwingli, say that
St. Paul speaks only of the transmission of physical death? If according to them we must read
death where the
Apostle wrote
sin, we should also read that the disobedience of
Adam has made us
mortal where the
Apostle writes that it has made us
sinners. But the word
sinner has never meant
mortal, nor has
sin ever meant
death. Also in
verse 12, which corresponds to
verse 19, we see that by one
man two things have been brought on all
men,
sin and death, the one being the consequence of the other and therefore not identical with it.
(3) Since
Adam transmits death to his children by way of generation when he begets them mortal, it is by generation also that he transmits to them
sin, for the
Apostle presents these two effects as produced at the same
time and by the same
causality. The explanation of the
Pelagians differs from that of
St. Paul. According to them the child who receives mortality at his birth receives
sin from
Adam only at a later period when he knows the
sin of the
first man and is inclined to imitate it. The
causality of
Adam as regards mortality would, therefore, be completely different from his
causality as regards
sin. Moreover, this supposed influence of the bad example of
Adam is almost chimerical; even the faithful when they
sin do not
sin on account of
Adam's bad example,
a fortiori infidels who are completely
ignorant of the history of the
first man. And yet all men are, by the influence of
Adam,
sinners and condemned (
Romans 5:18, 19). The influence of
Adam cannot, therefore, be the influence of his bad example which we imitate (Augustine, "Contra julian.", VI, xxiv, 75).
A little wordy, and certainly not me teaching you anything, but it makes its point.
Pangloss