Number 34 on the Top 100 Intellectual list of 2008... I figured I would make this one festive...
Michael Ignatieff
Michael Grant Ignatieff QPC MP (pronounced
/ɪɡˈnæti.ɛf/; born May 12, 1947) is a
Canadian politician who has been the leader of the
Liberal Party of Canada and
Leader of the Official Opposition in Canada since 2009. Known for his work as a
historian, author, university professor and diplomat, Ignatieff held senior academic posts at the
University of Cambridge, the
University of Oxford,
Harvard University and the
University of Toronto before entering politics in 2006.
He was an assistant professor of history at the
University of British Columbia from 1976 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the United Kingdom, where he held a senior research fellowship at
King's College,
Cambridge until 1984. He then left Cambridge for London, where he began to focus on his career as a writer and journalist. During this time, he travelled extensively. He also continued to lecture at universities in Europe and North America, and held teaching posts at
Oxford, the
University of London, the
London School of Economics, the
University of California and in France.
While living in the United Kingdom, Ignatieff became well-known as a
broadcaster on
radio and
television. His best-known television work has been
Voices on
Channel 4, the
BBC 2 discussion programme
Thinking Aloud and
BBC 2's arts programme,
The Late Show. His documentary series
Blood and Belonging: Journeys into the New Nationalism aired on
BBC in 1993. He was also an editorial columnist for
The Observer from 1990 to 1993. In 1998 he was on the first panel of the long-running
BBC Radio discussion series
In Our Time.
In 2000, Ignatieff accepted a position as the director of the
Carr Center for Human Rights Policy at the
John F. Kennedy School of Government at
Harvard University.
[6] In 2005, Ignatieff left Harvard to become the Chancellor Jackman Professor in Human Rights Policy at the
University of Toronto and a senior fellow of the university's
Munk Centre for International Studies.
[7] He was then publicly mentioned as a possible Liberal candidate for the next federal election.
Writings
Ignatieff has been described by the
British Arts Council as "an extraordinarily versatile writer," in both the style and the subjects he writes about.
[16] His fictional works,
Asya,
Scar Tissue, and
Charlie Johnson in the Flames cover, respectively, the life and travels of a Russian girl, the disintegration of one's mother due to neurological disease, and the haunting memories of a journalist in Kosovo. In all three works, however, one sees elements of the author's own life coming through. For instance, Ignatieff travelled to the Balkans and
Kurdistan while working as a journalist, witnessing first hand the consequences of modern ethnic warfare. Similarly, his historical memoir,
The Russian Album, traces his family's life in Russia and their troubles and subsequent emigration as a result of the
Bolshevik Revolution. A historian by training, he wrote
A Just Measure of Pain, a history of prisons during the
Industrial Revolution. His biography of
Isaiah Berlin reveals the strong impression the celebrated philosopher made on Ignatieff.
Philosophical writings by Ignatieff include
The Needs of Strangers and
The Rights Revolution. The latter work explores social welfare and community, and shows Berlin's influence on Ignatieff. These tie closely to Ignatieff's political writings on national self-determination and the imperatives of democratic self-government. Ignatieff has also written extensively on international affairs.
[16]
Blood and Belonging, a 1993 work, explores the duality of nationalism, from
Yugoslavia to
Northern Ireland. It is the first of a trilogy of books that explore modern conflicts.
The Warrior's Honour, published in 1998, deals with ethnically motivated conflicts, including the conflicts in Afghanistan and Rwanda. The final book,
Virtual War, describes the problems of modern peacekeeping, with special reference to the
NATO presence in Kosovo.
Canadian Culture and Human Rights
In
The Rights Revolution, Ignatieff identifies three aspects of Canada's approach to human rights that give the country its distinctive culture: 1) On moral issues, Canadian law is secular and liberal, approximating European standards more closely than American ones; 2) Canadian political culture is socially democratic, and Canadians take it for granted that citizens have the right to free health care and public assistance; 3) Canadians place a particular emphasis on group rights, expressed in Quebec's language laws and in treaty agreements that recognize collective aboriginal rights. "Apart from New Zealand, no other country has given such recognition to the idea of group rights," he writes.
[17]
Ignatieff states that despite its admirable commitment to equality and group rights, Canadian society still places an unjust burden on women and gays and lesbians, and he says it is still difficult for newcomers of non-British or French descent to form an enduring sense of citizenship. Ignatieff attributes this to the "patch-work quilt of distinctive societies," emphasizing that civic bonds will only be easier when the understanding of Canada as a multinational community is more widely shared.
International affairs
Ignatieff has written extensively on international development, peacekeeping and the international responsibilities of Western nations. Critical of the limited-risk approach practiced by
NATO in conflicts like the
Kosovo War and the
Rwandan Genocide, he says that there should be more active involvement and larger scale deployment of land forces by Western nations in future conflicts in the
developing world. Ignatieff attempts to distinguish his approach from
Neo-conservativism because the motives of the
foreign engagement he advocates are essentially altruistic rather than selfserving.
[18]
In this vein, Ignatieff was originally a prominent supporter of the
2003 Invasion of Iraq.
[19] Ignatieff said that the United States established "an
empire lite, a global hegemony whose grace notes are free markets, human rights and democracy, enforced by the most awesome military power the world has ever known." The burden of that empire, he says, obliged the United States to expend itself unseating Iraqi president
Saddam Hussein in the interests of international security and human rights. Ignatieff initially accepted the argument of
George W. Bush administration that containment through sanctions and threats would not prevent Hussein from selling
weapons of mass destruction to
international terrorists. Ignatieff wrongly believed that those
weapons were still being developed in Iraq.
[20] Moreover, according to Ignatieff, "what Saddam Hussein had done to the
Kurds and the
Shia" in Iraq was sufficient justification for the invasion.
[21][22]
The Lesser Evil approach
Ignatieff has argued that Western democracies may have to resort to "
lesser evils" like
indefinite detention of suspects, coercive
interrogations,
[33] assassinations, and
pre-emptive wars in order to combat the greater evil of terrorism.
[34] He states that as a result, societies should strengthen their democratic institutions to keep these necessary evils from becoming as offensive to freedom and democracy as the threats they are meant to prevent.
[35] The 'Lesser Evil' approach has been criticized by some prominent
human rights advocates, like
Conor Gearty, for incorporating a problematic form of
moral language that can be used to legitimize forms of torture.
[36] But other human rights advocates, like
Human Rights Watch's Kenneth Roth, have defended Ignatieff, saying his work "cannot fairly be equated with support for torture or 'torture lite'."
[37] In the context of this "lesser evil" analysis, Ignatieff has discussed whether or not liberal democracies should employ coercive interrogation and
torture. Ignatieff has adamantly maintained that he supports a complete ban on torture.
[38] His definition of torture, according to his 2004 Op-ed in
The New York Times, does not include "forms of
sleep deprivation that do not result in lasting harm to mental or physical health, together with disinformation and disorientation (like keeping prisoners in hoods)."
[39]
Notable Political Stances
Extension of Canada's Afghanistan Mission
Since his election to Parliament, Ignatieff has been one of the few
[71] opposition members supporting the minority Conservative government's commitment to
Canadian military activity in Afghanistan. Prime Minister
Stephen Harper called a vote in the House of Commons for May 17, 2006, on extending the Canadian Forces current deployment in
Afghanistan until February 2009. During the debate, Ignatieff expressed his "unequivocal support for the troops in Afghanistan, for the mission, and also for the renewal of the mission." He argued that the Afghanistan mission tests the success of Canada's shift from "the peacekeeping paradigm to the peace-enforcement paradigm," the latter combining "military, reconstruction and humanitarian efforts together."
[72][73]
The opposition Liberal caucus of 102 MPs was divided, with 24 MPs supporting the extension, 66 voting against, and 12 abstentions. Among Liberal leadership candidates, Ignatieff and
Scott Brison voted for the extension. Ignatieff led the largest Liberal contingent of votes in favour, with at least five of his caucus supporters voting along with him to extend the mission.
[74] The vote was 149–145 for extending the military deployment.
[73] Following the vote, Harper shook Ignatieff's hand.
[75]
In a subsequent campaign appearance, Ignatieff reiterated his view of the mission in Afghanistan. He stated: "the thing that Canadians have to understand about Afghanistan is that we are well past the era of
Pearsonian peacekeeping."
[76]
Climate Change Policy
During the Liberal leadership race in 2006, Ignatieff advocated strong measures, including measures to address
climate change.
[77]
Following the 2008 election, he shifted his approach. In a speech to the Edmonton Chamber of Commerce in February 2009, he said: "You've got to work with the grain of Canadians and not against them. I think we learned a lesson in the last election."
[78]
Forming of a Potential Coalition Government
During the Spring 2011 federal election, Ignatieff clearly ruled out the formation of a coalition government with the NDP and Bloc parties. Contrary to the suggestion from the Conservative party that he was planning to form a government with the other opposition parties, Ignatieff issued a statement on March 26, 2011, stating that "[t]he party that wins the most seats on election day will form the government".
[79][80]
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Ignatieff