Why? Ignorance is bliss?
Paul Martin’s Liberal government proposed the Pacific Gateway Act (Bill C-68) in 2005 and Stephen Harper’s Conservative government modified it in 2006 as the Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative. The proposed investment was $591 million in infrastructure and upgrades. In 2007, the federal government increased its investment to $1 billion and committed $2.1 billion to a national fund for infrastructure and border crossings.
In January 2006, the British Columbia government launched its own $3-billion Gateway Program for major infrastructure projects, and produced studies on enhancing the strategy and infrastructure related to the gateway. These efforts complement the establishment of the Asia Pacific Trade Council, which provides advice to the premier on capturing opportunities in the Asia Pacific region.
Considerations of the APGCI
While the APGCI will mean billions of dollars in trade and employment, it also represents a 300% increase in container shipping and a 25% increase in bulk cargo shipments at the Port of Vancouver by 2020. All of those extra goods arriving in Vancouver will have to be shipped on to their destinations. The initiative will triple the number of trucks on highways, and require an extensive expansion of the roads, bridges, rail lines and port facilities that support it. It also represents huge increases in air transportation for the movement of people and goods.
The infrastructure required to establish and operate the trade gateway means an increase in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The expansion of a transportation system will always push the boundaries of surrounding urban and human-made environments, which aggravates environmental conditions. The need to establish sustainable development strategies may be the most important issue facing the establishment of transport systems.
Environmental Considerations of Trade with Asia
Along with the obvious implications of delivering a greater volume of goods to market, it is important to look beyond our own borders to investigate the broader implications of a Canadian initiative. Canada’s major partner in the APGCI Gateway is China, with its questionable environmental record. China burns coal to produce 70% of its electricity, with demand growing at the same rate as its economy. With coal reserves available for 100 years, in 2005 China began opening a coal-fired power plant every week, all spewing toxic soot, sulphur and CO2, and used more coal than the United States, Europe and Japan combined, making it the largest emitter of gases on the planet.
The Chinese government was reluctant to invest in plants with expensive advanced technology, but in 2007 began building more efficient, less polluting coal power plants. In 2008, National Geographic reported that China’s GHG emissions were rising substantially. In 2009, China announced that it planned to shut down some of its smaller inefficient plants, and environmental scientists announced that “no matter what the Western industrialized nations do, China's greenhouse emissions will be hard to stop” (Spiegel Online, 6 March 2009).
In 2010, the United Nations announced that it intended to fund 20 new coal-fired power plants in China and India under its Clean Development Mechanism. While China focused on using the most-efficient forms of coal-derived power, other countries, including Canada, moved to ban dirty coal outright. The Chinese government announced that it would identify emission goals and monitoring rules to show it is serious about curbing emissions. The resulting targets would allow China’s GHG emissions to keep rising, but more slowly than its economic growth.
While this sounds like good news, one must wonder; in 2011, coal supplier Universal Coal Ltd announced that China and India were seeking to invest in additional coal assets in South Africa.
Learn more: Asia-Pacific Gateway and Corridor Initiative