Sal, you asked about the voucher programme. Though many versions can exist, I'll describe the Swedish one.
Initially the Saami and Swedish Finns wanted the right to send their children to school in their languages. Eventually the linguist, pedagogue and language rights activist Tobe Skunab-Kangas joined in along with other language rights activists. The Christian Democratic Party then jumped on board and proposed a voucher programme according to the following criteria:
Parents would receive a voucher for each child under their care, the value of each voucher varying according to circumstances. For example, a wheelchair-bound child would receive a higher-valued voucher than one who isn't, all else being equal.
All state-owned schools must participate in the programme, and all non-state-owned schools could apply to do so. Participating non-state-owned schools are referred to as free schools.
Participating schools could not charge in addition to the voucher. Parents could cash the voucher in at the school of their choice.
All teachers at these schools must hold the appropriate teaching credentials.
Students must be accepted on a first-come basis.
Though each school is free to adopt the language of instruction of its choice and teach the curriculum in its own way, all schools must teach the curriculum and all students must sit the national exams which are in Swedish.
Though religious schools are free to participate in the programme in principle, they too are bound to accepting students on a first-come basis and not on religious affiliation and must also respect the religious freedom of each student. This essentially limits such schools to identifying themselves as religious and introdingce a compulsory course on their sacred texts as literature. As a result, many private religious schools have chosen not to opt in.
The Christian Democratic Party appealed to Article 26 (3) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in its election campaign: "Parents have a prior right to choose the kind of education that shall be given to their children. It won the election and introduced the new system in 1993, still active today.
It also better respects Article 2 of the UDHR than the Canadian system does.