Debt is a relatively new concept. I'm not all that old or even a spring chicken but I remember the days when if you didn't have the money you saved to buy it or got it on layaway.
No, its not. Debt has been around as long as there has been a banking system, because that is the primary vehicle banks/lenders have always utilized to make money. Lenders/bankers existed in the Roman Empire, if not farther back. In the middle ages usury was forbidden to Christians, by the Church, which is why some Jewish families became prominent in finances, because someone needed to fill the void and they were looking for a way to make themselves more invaluable and immune from the prejudices of the Christian majority in Europe.
Debt leveraging has
increased in popularity with the rise of the middle class, and particularly in the 20th century. Part of the reason for the explosiveness of the 1929 stock market collapse was small investors, going farther into debt than they could handle, and losing everything (or near to it) when the market corrected, and markers on leveraged investments (speculations in most cases) were called in. In the last 50 or so years, with the explosion of consumerism, debt rates have become more exagerated.
As to some moron thinking that debt is the reason for inflation, well, thats Glen Beck logic for ya. Increases in the standards of living cause inflationary pressure but personal debt is not the reason: rising prices in commodities/products are. Now if we reduced our debt loads, our standards of living would probably increase, as we could spend more money on what we want, rather than on servicing our debts, but thats really a choice people have to make for themselves... and it still doesn't make the price of a tank of gas or a side of beef go down.