This is not correct, but after Solomon Jews divided into two categories: most of them followed Jeroboam and worshiped his two statues of calf, and others who followed Rehoboam son of Solomon and were rightly guided.
Only 2 of the 12 tribes of Israel are tied to Judeans who are today's Jews. The other 10 tribes were Israelites and went on there own under Assyrian rule.
Judaism came later after being excited to Babylon.
After the Israelites took possession of the Promised Land, each was assigned a section of land by
Joshua, who had replaced Moses as leader after the latter’s death. The tribe of Judah settled in the region south of
Jerusalem and in time became the most powerful and most important tribe. Not only did it produce the great kings
David and
Solomon but also, it was prophesied, the Messiah would come from among its members. Modern Jews, moreover, trace their
lineage to the tribes of Judah and Benjamin (absorbed by Judah) or to the tribe, or group, of clans of religious functionaries known as Levites. This situation was brought about by the Assyrian conquest of the Kingdom of Israel in 721 BC, which led to the partial dispersion of the 10 northern tribes and their gradual assimilation by other peoples. (Legends thus refer to them as the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel.)
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Judaism: The period of the divided kingdom
The southern Kingdom of Judah thrived until 587/586 BC, when it was overrun by the Babylonians, who carried off many of the inhabitants into exile. When the Persians conquered
Babylonia in 538 BC,
Cyrus the Great allowed the Jews to return to their homeland, where they soon set to work to replace the magnificent
Temple of Jerusalem that the Babylonians had destroyed.
The history of the Jews from that time forward is predominantly the history of the tribe of Judah.
