Yet we see now that heavy metals are above minimum safety levels set out by Alberta and Canadian guidelines. Sure, the guidelines may be stringent, but that doesn't mean they are being followed.
... And because the levels are above minimum safety, that is the damning evidence that the oil sands are responsible?
That's extra, more gooder science that you got there.
So, you can't say that a range of costs per hectare runs as low as X and as high as Y?
And you're working in financial management?
That's frightening really...
I work in finance. You can learn the difference yourself science-boy.
As far as costs are concerned, I don't do oil sands, I do conventional and the measure is for the reclamation/assessments of leases or (possibly) acres. What you think is the standard for measure is a per acre cost is frivolous, and in large part, why the Pembina Institute's numbers lack credibility.
Fact is, the reclamation/remediation industry is market driven and the costs fluctuate wildly.... It has to do with economics (write that down; it's important). Now, I'd try to give you some insight, but for a student like you, I figure that it'd take a couple of lifetimes (and I just don't have the time).
If what you want is a range of the overall costs I've seen, sure. I've seen sites with limited contamination remediated, assessed and released for under $100K and I've seen sites that required a lot of work cost millions.
Not the simlpe answer you were looking for.