Black Holes -- Problem and Solution.

[socratus]

Black Holes -- Problem and Solution.
---
Scenario - A
The Milky Way's Monster Black Hole Has a Cool Gas Halo — Literally
By Charles Q. Choi June 05, 2019
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At the center of our galaxy lies the supermassive black hole
Sagittarius A*, often abbreviated Sgr A*. This giant is about
4 million times the mass of the sun and about 14.6 million
miles (23.6 million kilometers) in diameter.
---
Around Sgr A* swirls a ring of debris known as an accretion disk.
The gas within this disk experiences so much friction that it can
reach 18 million degrees Fahrenheit (10 million degrees Celsius),
according to researchers on the new study. Previous research has
detected X-rays near Sgr A*, likely given off from this hot gas.
---
Prior research suggests that Sgr A* was also surrounded by
relatively cool gas, with temperatures ranging from about
minus 280 degrees F to 17,500 degrees F (minus 170 degrees C
to 10,000 degrees C). However, it remains uncertain how much
cool gas surrounded Sgr A*.
https://www.space.com/milky-way-monster-black-hole-cool-disk.html
---
Scenario - B
1 - A black hole has a temperature within a few
millionths of a degree above absolute zero: T=0K
/ Oxford. Dictionary./
2 - A stellar black hole of one solar mass has a Hawking
temperature of about 100 nanokelvins. This is far less
than the 2.7 K temperature of the cosmic microwave background
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole
3 - A black hole of one solar mass (M☉) has a temperature
of only 60 nanokelvins (60 billionths of a kelvin)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawking_radiation
4 - September 5, 2016
How cold are black holes?, by Fraser Cain,
---
The most massive black holes in the Universe, the supermassive black holes
with millions of times the math of the Sun will have a temperature of 1.4 x 10-14 Kelvin.
That's low. Almost absolute zero, but not quite.
A solar mass black hole might have a temperature of only .0.00000006 Kelvin.
We're getting warmer.
https://phys.org/news/2016-09-cold-black-holes.html
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Problem
"If we want to learn about what processes are important and
not important for how a black hole gets fed, we need to know
the environment around the black hole well," study lead author
Elena Murchikova, an astrophysicist at the Institute for Advanced
Study in Princeton, New Jersey, told Space.com.
"But the contribution of cool gas on a black hole has never
been studied." Now Murchikova and her colleagues suggest
that they may have imaged the cool accretion disk around Sgr A*
for the first time. "This should help improve our understanding
of how accretion onto black holes works," she said.
https://www.space.com/milky-way-monster-black-hole-cool-disk.html
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Cold BH - ? Hot BH - ?
Solution
#
What's at the Center of Black Holes?
By Zoë Macintosh June 22, 2010
---
However, no one can know for sure, because
no complete quantum theory of gravity exists,
and the insides of black holes are impossible to observe.
https://www.livescience.com/32662-whats-at-the-center-of-black-holes-.html
#
The puzzles of black hole (as a source with ''gravitational singularity'')
can be solved only with ''Quantum theory of gravity''
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[socratus]

The Black Hole Science that Won a Nobel Prize
Rob Lea, October 16, 2020
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Sir Roger Penrose has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics
for his work revolutionising our theories regarding black holes and
reshaping general relativity.
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1 - Einstein’s theory of General Relativity
2 - Penrose's  ‘Gravitational Collapse and Spacetime Singularities’
3 - Black Holes: A Tale of Two Singularities / Singularity Theorem /
4 - Two singularities; a coordinate singularity and an ‘actual’ gravitational singularity
5 - The coordinate singularity / the event horizon / the Schwarzschild radius (Rs)
6 - The ‘actual’ gravitational singularity / '' a complete gravitational collapse —
shrinking to a point of almost infinite density — and become a black hole''
7 - '' In 1931, Chandrasekhar proposed that above 1.4 times the mass of the Sun, a white dwarf would no longer be protected from gravitational collapse by degeneracy pressure. Beyond this boundary— unsurprisingly termed the Chandrasekhar limit — gravity overwhelms the Pauli exclusion principle and gravitational collapse continues unabated.''
8 - '' For Penrose, the mathematical proof of a physical singularity at the heart of a black hole arising from this complete collapse was not enough. He wanted to demonstrate the singularity and the effects on a spacetime that would arise there. He did so with the use of ‘light cones’ travelling down a geodesic — an unerringly straight line. In the process, he unveiled the anatomy of the black hole. ''
9 - Light cones: A Physicist's Favorite Tools
'' A light cone is most simply described as the path that a flash of light created by a single event and travelling in all directions would take through spacetime. Light cones can be especially useful when it comes to physicists calculating which events can be causally linked. If a line can’t be drawn between the two events that fits in the light cone, one cannot have caused the other.''
10 - '' Penrose considered what would happen to a light cone as it approached and passed the event horizon of what is known as a ‘Kerr black hole.’ This is a black hole that is non-charged and rotating. Its angular momentum drags spacetime along with it in an effect researchers call frame dragging.''
11 - '' So as our light cone moves toward the event horizon, it begins to narrow and tip. But, something extraordinary happens when it passes this boundary. As long as one is using so called Swartzchild coordinates, once ‘inside the black hole’ proper, the lightcone flips on its side, with the ‘future end’ of the cone pointed towards the singularity. ''
12 - '' Thus, what Penrose’s Nobel award can really be seen as a recognition of moving these objects — or more accurately, spacetime events — from the realm of speculation to scientific theory.''
https://www.zmescience.com/science/...he-black-hole-science-that-won-a-nobel-prize/
============

 

[socratus]

Sir Roger Penrose has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in physics for his work revolutionising our theories regarding black holes and . . . ''Lightcones''
'' Thus, what Penrose’s Nobel award can really be seen as a recognition of moving these objects — or more accurately, spacetime events — from the realm of speculation to scientific theory.''

 

[Cliffy]

I thought that black holes were like the assholes of the Universe, only with teeth. Kinda like Rebublicants and Conservatives.

 

[socratus]

''Sir Roger Penrose has been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize
in physics for his work revolutionising our theories regarding
black holes and reshaping. . . '' . . . Lightcones (!)
https://www.zmescience.com/science/...he-black-hole-science-that-won-a-nobel-prize/
What is really light cone? Nobody knows . . .
What is really Minkowski 4D ? Nobody knows . . .
Sir Roger Penrose created pure mathematical construction . . .
Alfred Nobel did not bequeath his Prize for mathematical works.
===

 

[socratus]

Did A Black Hole Give Birth To Our Universe?
/ Ethan Siegel / Nov 3, 2020
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Remarkably, the Schwarzschild radius of a black hole with the mass of all the matter in the observable Universe is almost exactly equal to the observed size of the visible Universe! That realization, on its own, seems like a remarkable coincidence, raising the question of whether our Universe might actually somehow be the interior of a black hole. But that’s only the beginning of the story; as we dive deeper, things get even more interesting.
In the mid-1960s, a discovery was made that revolutionized our concept of the Universe: a uniform, omnidirectional bath of low-energy radiation appeared from all locations in the sky. This radiation had the same temperature in all directions, now determined to be 2.725 K, just a few degrees above absolute zero. The radiation had a practically perfectly blackbody spectrum, as though it had a hot, thermal origin, and appeared identical to within 1-part-in-30,000 no matter where you looked on the sky.
When you look at the equations that govern a black hole, there’s something remarkable that happens as well. If you start just outside the event horizon and escape to an infinite distance away from the black hole, you’ll find that your distance (r) goes from R, the Schwarzschild radius, to infinity: ∞. On the other hand, if you start just inside the event horizon and track your distance from the black hole to the central singularity, you’ll find that same distance (r) instead goes from R, the Schwarzschild radius, to zero: 0.
''. . . you’ll find that the black hole’s interior is mathematical identical to the black hole’s exterior.'' . . .
( ∞ = 0 )
The cosmic inflation / dark energy . . . . ?
Is it possible that what we perceive as cosmic inflation marks the creation of our Universe from an ultramassive black hole? Is it possible that dark energy is somehow connected to black holes, as well?
. . . can astrophysical black hole . . . give rise to its own “baby Universe” somewhere inside of it? . . .
'' These speculations have been around for many decades, but without a definitive or provable conclusion.''
There’s a lot to like about the idea that there’s a connection between black holes and the birth of Universes, from both physical and mathematical points of view.
What’s missing, unfortunately, is the key step . . .
We don’t know whether our Universe was birthed by the creation of a black hole, but at this point, it’s a tantalizing possibility that we would be foolish to rule out.
https://www.forbes.com/sites/starts...ewBXIBTUmBrGzNPd3E6tLviaQfT_E&sh=266f61150da8
One idea was missing: the so called ''Black hole'' with temperature T=0K
is itself the Cosmic Infinite Vacuum
========