Archaeologists have uncovered 'conclusive evidence' that a wooden hut traditionally associated with St Columba dates to his lifetime in the late sixth century AD.
The saint is widely revered as a key figure who brought Christianity to Scotland from Ireland, landing on the Isle of Iona, in the Inner Hebrides, in AD 563.
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery...
Uncovering St Columba's hut: Archaeologists discover 'conclusive evidence' that a wooden 'cell' on the Scottish island of Iona was used by the monk 1,500 years ago
A wooden hut has traditionally been associated with St Columba for years
Researchers have used radiocarbon dating to prove the hut dates to his lifetime
The structure is believed to be where the monk prayed and studied in isolation
By Shivali Best For Mailonline
11 July 2017
Archaeologists have uncovered 'conclusive evidence' that a wooden hut traditionally associated with St Columba dates to his lifetime in the late sixth century AD.
The saint is widely revered as a key figure who brought Christianity to Scotland from Ireland, landing on the Isle of Iona, in the Inner Hebrides, in AD 563.
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery.
The structure is believed to be the monk's 'cell' where he prayed and studied in isolation.
Archaeologists have uncovered conclusive evidence that a wooden hut traditionally associated with St Columba at his ancient monastery (ruins pictured) on the island of Iona dates to his lifetime in the late sixth century
The samples were excavated in 1957 by archaeologist Professor Charles Thomas but with radio carbon dating only just emerging at the time, they were not tested and instead kept in matchboxes in his garage in Cornwall.
Although the excavators of the hut argued it was likely Columba's cell, the lack of dating technology led many archaeologists to dismiss the findings as speculation and scientifically unproven.
In 2012, part of Professor Thomas' archive was passed to Historic Environment Scotland.
It was shared with the University of Glasgow, which recently identified the significance of the samples and submitted them for carbon dating.
Results show the hut dated back to between 540 and 650. Columba died in 597.
Altogether, ten radiocarbon dates were returned from samples from Professor Thomas' excavations, all dating to the early medieval period (AD 500-1100).
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona (pictured) 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery
Professor Thomas died last year but Dr Adrian Maldonado, from the University of Glasgow, described the dating as vindication of his foresight in storing the samples.
'Thomas always believed he and his team had uncovered Columba's original wooden hut but they could never prove it because the technology wasn't there,' he said.
'So, for us, 60 years later, to be able to send the original samples off to the radiocarbon dating labs and have them come back showing, within the margin of error, as something which may have been built in the lifetime of St Columba, is very exciting.
In the Life of St Columba, written 100 years after his death by his successor Adomnan, Columba was described as often writing in his cell on a rocky hillock, called Torr an Aba or 'the mound of the abbot'
The Iona research group believe the Cathach, a manuscript of psalms reputed to be Columba's own writing (pictured left), would have been created in his cell. Pictured right is the earliest image of St Columba
'This is as close as any archaeologist has come to excavating a structure built during the time of St Columba and it is a great vindication of the archaeological instincts of Thomas and his team.'
St Columba is widely revered as a key figure in western Christianity and took the religion to Scotland from Ireland, landing on Iona in the year 563.
In the Life of St Columba, written 100 years after his death by his successor Adomnan, Columba was described as often writing in his cell on a rocky hillock, called Torr an Aba or 'the mound of the abbot'.
When Professor Thomas excavated the site 60 years ago, the carbonised remains of wattle walls of a small hut were unearthed below layers of loose pebbles, suggesting the wooden structure had burned down and the area filled over.
The site was later marked with a cross.
Professor Thomas Clancy, Celtic and Gaelic historian at the University of Glasgow, said: 'The remains on top of Torr an Aba had been dismissed as from a much later date.
Samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago are pictured in the the original finds box from 1957
The samples were first excavated in 1957. Pictured is a nail from the original excavation, still in the trench
'Now we know they belonged to a structure which stood there in Columba's lifetime.
'More than that, the dates, and our new understanding of the turning of the site into a monument not long after its use, makes it pretty clear that this was St Columba's day or writing house.'
The Iona research group believe the Cathach, a manuscript of psalms reputed to be Columba's own writing, would have been created in his cell.
The tiny island of Iona is regularly busy with tourists from around the world and visitor numbers are expected to grow with the confirmation
An illustration shows Columba in his cell on Iona
The tiny island of Iona is regularly busy with tourists from around the world and visitor numbers are expected to grow with the confirmation.
Derek Alexander, head of archaeological services for the National Trust for Scotland, which maintains the island, said: 'It's one of the highlights of coming to Scotland, it's a bit of an adventure and pilgrimage in its own right for tourists.
'That's what people have been doing all the way really since Columba.
'The tourists of today are pretty much like the visitors of 1,200 years ago, it hasn't changed that much, and the more we find out about it the more significance I think it has.'
The findings are being presented in a keynote lecture for the 8th International Insular Art Conference at the University of Glasgow.
Professor Charles Thomas' archive boxes from the original dig on Iona from 1957 to 1963 are pictured
WHO WAS SAINT COLUMBA?
Columba was born in Ireland in 521 AD.
He is widely revered as a key figure in western Christianity and took the religion to Scotland from Ireland.
In 563 AD, he left Ireland and settled with the Gaels of Dál Riata, where he was granted the Island of Iona to found his monastery.
His monastery provided education for the Gaelic warrior kings, and Columba became a close advisor to the king, and served as a diplomat to the king's neighbours in Pictland and Ireland.
Columba died in 597 AD, but his monastery's influence continued to grow, leading to the foundation of new monasteries in Ireland and as far away as Lindisfarne in Northumbria.
In Pictland, Columban monks began to spread the word of Christianity in the seventh century.
DATING THE HUT
The samples were excavated in 1957 by archaeologist Professor Charles Thomas but with radio carbon dating only just emerging at the time, they were not tested and instead kept in matchboxes in his garage in Cornwall.
Although the excavators of the hut argued it was likely Columba's cell, the lack of dating technology led many archaeologists to dismiss the findings as speculation and scientifically unproven.
In 2012, part of Professor Thomas' archive was passed to Historic Environment Scotland.
It was shared with the University of Glasgow, which recently identified the significance of the samples and submitted them for carbon dating.
Results show the hut dated back to between 540 and 650.
Columba died in 597.
The saint is widely revered as a key figure who brought Christianity to Scotland from Ireland, landing on the Isle of Iona, in the Inner Hebrides, in AD 563.
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery...
Uncovering St Columba's hut: Archaeologists discover 'conclusive evidence' that a wooden 'cell' on the Scottish island of Iona was used by the monk 1,500 years ago
A wooden hut has traditionally been associated with St Columba for years
Researchers have used radiocarbon dating to prove the hut dates to his lifetime
The structure is believed to be where the monk prayed and studied in isolation
By Shivali Best For Mailonline
11 July 2017
Archaeologists have uncovered 'conclusive evidence' that a wooden hut traditionally associated with St Columba dates to his lifetime in the late sixth century AD.
The saint is widely revered as a key figure who brought Christianity to Scotland from Ireland, landing on the Isle of Iona, in the Inner Hebrides, in AD 563.
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery.
The structure is believed to be the monk's 'cell' where he prayed and studied in isolation.
Archaeologists have uncovered conclusive evidence that a wooden hut traditionally associated with St Columba at his ancient monastery (ruins pictured) on the island of Iona dates to his lifetime in the late sixth century
The samples were excavated in 1957 by archaeologist Professor Charles Thomas but with radio carbon dating only just emerging at the time, they were not tested and instead kept in matchboxes in his garage in Cornwall.
Although the excavators of the hut argued it was likely Columba's cell, the lack of dating technology led many archaeologists to dismiss the findings as speculation and scientifically unproven.
In 2012, part of Professor Thomas' archive was passed to Historic Environment Scotland.
It was shared with the University of Glasgow, which recently identified the significance of the samples and submitted them for carbon dating.
Results show the hut dated back to between 540 and 650. Columba died in 597.
Altogether, ten radiocarbon dates were returned from samples from Professor Thomas' excavations, all dating to the early medieval period (AD 500-1100).
Carbon dating has led to the breakthrough, which proves samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona (pictured) 60 years ago, are from the exact period Columba lived in the Inner Hebridean monastery
Professor Thomas died last year but Dr Adrian Maldonado, from the University of Glasgow, described the dating as vindication of his foresight in storing the samples.
'Thomas always believed he and his team had uncovered Columba's original wooden hut but they could never prove it because the technology wasn't there,' he said.
'So, for us, 60 years later, to be able to send the original samples off to the radiocarbon dating labs and have them come back showing, within the margin of error, as something which may have been built in the lifetime of St Columba, is very exciting.
In the Life of St Columba, written 100 years after his death by his successor Adomnan, Columba was described as often writing in his cell on a rocky hillock, called Torr an Aba or 'the mound of the abbot'
The Iona research group believe the Cathach, a manuscript of psalms reputed to be Columba's own writing (pictured left), would have been created in his cell. Pictured right is the earliest image of St Columba
'This is as close as any archaeologist has come to excavating a structure built during the time of St Columba and it is a great vindication of the archaeological instincts of Thomas and his team.'
St Columba is widely revered as a key figure in western Christianity and took the religion to Scotland from Ireland, landing on Iona in the year 563.
In the Life of St Columba, written 100 years after his death by his successor Adomnan, Columba was described as often writing in his cell on a rocky hillock, called Torr an Aba or 'the mound of the abbot'.
When Professor Thomas excavated the site 60 years ago, the carbonised remains of wattle walls of a small hut were unearthed below layers of loose pebbles, suggesting the wooden structure had burned down and the area filled over.
The site was later marked with a cross.
Professor Thomas Clancy, Celtic and Gaelic historian at the University of Glasgow, said: 'The remains on top of Torr an Aba had been dismissed as from a much later date.
Samples of hazel charcoal, unearthed in an excavation of a wattle and timber structure on Iona 60 years ago are pictured in the the original finds box from 1957
The samples were first excavated in 1957. Pictured is a nail from the original excavation, still in the trench
'Now we know they belonged to a structure which stood there in Columba's lifetime.
'More than that, the dates, and our new understanding of the turning of the site into a monument not long after its use, makes it pretty clear that this was St Columba's day or writing house.'
The Iona research group believe the Cathach, a manuscript of psalms reputed to be Columba's own writing, would have been created in his cell.
The tiny island of Iona is regularly busy with tourists from around the world and visitor numbers are expected to grow with the confirmation
An illustration shows Columba in his cell on Iona
The tiny island of Iona is regularly busy with tourists from around the world and visitor numbers are expected to grow with the confirmation.
Derek Alexander, head of archaeological services for the National Trust for Scotland, which maintains the island, said: 'It's one of the highlights of coming to Scotland, it's a bit of an adventure and pilgrimage in its own right for tourists.
'That's what people have been doing all the way really since Columba.
'The tourists of today are pretty much like the visitors of 1,200 years ago, it hasn't changed that much, and the more we find out about it the more significance I think it has.'
The findings are being presented in a keynote lecture for the 8th International Insular Art Conference at the University of Glasgow.
Professor Charles Thomas' archive boxes from the original dig on Iona from 1957 to 1963 are pictured
WHO WAS SAINT COLUMBA?
Columba was born in Ireland in 521 AD.
He is widely revered as a key figure in western Christianity and took the religion to Scotland from Ireland.
In 563 AD, he left Ireland and settled with the Gaels of Dál Riata, where he was granted the Island of Iona to found his monastery.
His monastery provided education for the Gaelic warrior kings, and Columba became a close advisor to the king, and served as a diplomat to the king's neighbours in Pictland and Ireland.
Columba died in 597 AD, but his monastery's influence continued to grow, leading to the foundation of new monasteries in Ireland and as far away as Lindisfarne in Northumbria.
In Pictland, Columban monks began to spread the word of Christianity in the seventh century.
DATING THE HUT
The samples were excavated in 1957 by archaeologist Professor Charles Thomas but with radio carbon dating only just emerging at the time, they were not tested and instead kept in matchboxes in his garage in Cornwall.
Although the excavators of the hut argued it was likely Columba's cell, the lack of dating technology led many archaeologists to dismiss the findings as speculation and scientifically unproven.
In 2012, part of Professor Thomas' archive was passed to Historic Environment Scotland.
It was shared with the University of Glasgow, which recently identified the significance of the samples and submitted them for carbon dating.
Results show the hut dated back to between 540 and 650.
Columba died in 597.
