the related study points to a protection response to perceived threat: "identity-protective cognition". The response has conservative white males, more so than any other group in American society, justify and defend the American economic system because it’s the system through which their identities and life expectations have been formed. Most pointedly for conservative while males, any critique of “the system” is experienced as an ideological, psychological, and economic attack. Climate change denial is an example of this identity-protective cognition response... system-justifying tendencies lead to climate change denial... conservative white males are more likely than other Americans to report climate change denial.