What's wrong with using coal generators if its ends up being the cheapest and isn't adding CO2 to the atmosphere? Hint, this technology will finish coal and natural gas as power generators
That depends If it's cheaper to just extract it than to produce it, then we will continue extracting it until we run out an hit a wall hard.
By taxing the extraction of non-renewable resources, that raises the cost of extracting it and so makes producing it more economically viable. As a result, a company now has an incentive to produce it to avoid the extraction tax.
And to be clear, this is where I think an extraction-end tax is better than a consumer tax. Obviously we don't want to tax its production, but only its extraction.