Free will versus determinism

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talloola

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Karrie, I don't think utopia is possible or desireable. With the dissapearance of all wars, I think
the world would gradually adjust, and become a much more congenial and happy place to live.

Many mental illnesses would disapear, the ones connected to war, and how war affects many, even if
they haven't been a physical part in the fighting etc.

I like the spirit of the human, the competetiveness, the sport, and the adventure man desires, and
the need to find more, invent the new, and become more intelligent than ever before.

Bad people will always be present, and can be dealt with under laws.

Maybe my vision of 'utopia' is flawed, but all I see is gentle, happy people, all with smiles on their
faces, floating around trying to be nice all the time, seems unatural and boring, I would move to
another planet in that case in search of some excitement. lol lol
 

s_lone

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But you didn't s_lone, because as you went on you were completely forgetting the basic principle, which is the core of the discovery.

Which basic principle? That we are not free because We necessarily choose what brings us most satisfaction? I think it's clear I understood this principle and have always taken it into account.

I don't know what post you mean.

Post #248
 

JLM

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Dexter misquoted me. He is using everything he can muster to make me look bad in the eyes of everyone, and I will defend myself with every fiber.

Your problem is Dexter "misquoted" you by citing stuff that's here for everyone to read. :lol::lol:
There is much more to participating in a forum than "always being right" and never giving anyone else the benefit of the doubt. Most of us are here to exchange ideas, have some laughs, adjust our own thinking and enjoy the camaraderie. If you never change you never grow. There was a regular contributer who was on here for several years and left just recently (or more correctly was helped out the door). He was always right, he had a label for everyone at least the 99% of us who were inferior to him. He never admitted being wrong, so sadly he was just stuck in time. He left a fairly bitter man. Don't fall into that trap. You "flew a balloon" the frickin thing popped- get over it - find another balloon.
 
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peacegirl

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Aug 23, 2010
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Karrie, I don't think utopia is possible or desireable. With the dissapearance of all wars, I think
the world would gradually adjust, and become a much more congenial and happy place to live.

Many mental illnesses would disapear, the ones connected to war, and how war affects many, even if
they haven't been a physical part in the fighting etc.

I like the spirit of the human, the competetiveness, the sport, and the adventure man desires, and
the need to find more, invent the new, and become more intelligent than ever before.

Bad people will always be present, and can be dealt with under laws.

Maybe my vision of 'utopia' is flawed, but all I see is gentle, happy people, all with smiles on their
faces, floating around trying to be nice all the time, seems unatural and boring, I would move to
another planet in that case in search of some excitement. lol lol

That is not what this world would look like. You are conjuring up a picture in your mind like people do of heaven. You know, angels with wings and harps. In the new world there will be lots of competition in jobs and sports. There will be all kinds of creative ways for one to express his or her talents. Life would just as exciting as it is today; the only thing being taken away is war, crime, accidents and illness. I would much rather live on a planet like this than what we have now. Finally, there is nothing unnatural about being genuinely nice (not trying to be nice) when there is no reason not to be. ;-)
 

mentalfloss

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Jun 28, 2010
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Maybe my vision of 'utopia' is flawed, but all I see is gentle, happy people, all with smiles on their
faces, floating around trying to be nice all the time, seems unatural and boring, I would move to
another planet in that case in search of some excitement. lol lol

Yea, that's why I've always thought the whole heaven bit is kind of a sham.
 

JLM

Hall of Fame Member
Nov 27, 2008
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Karrie, I don't think utopia is possible or desireable. With the dissapearance of all wars, I think
the world would gradually adjust, and become a much more congenial and happy place to live.

Many mental illnesses would disapear, the ones connected to war, and how war affects many, even if
they haven't been a physical part in the fighting etc.

I like the spirit of the human, the competetiveness, the sport, and the adventure man desires, and
the need to find more, invent the new, and become more intelligent than ever before.

Bad people will always be present, and can be dealt with under laws.

Maybe my vision of 'utopia' is flawed, but all I see is gentle, happy people, all with smiles on their
faces, floating around trying to be nice all the time, seems unatural and boring, I would move to
another planet in that case in search of some excitement. lol lol

Talloola- I'm going to nominate you for the Nobel Prize for sensibleness. A Utopia would just create a bunch of half witted zombies floating around with stupid grins on their faces and the ability to do nothing useful. I don't think we need wars either but we do need some form of adversity and the ones who survive it are that much stronger and generally more understanding people. A big challenge in itself can be fun. :smile:
 

s_lone

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Feb 16, 2005
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How would you remove accidents?

From what I read, I think the answer to that is by removing carelessness. Everybody will be so afraid to hurt anybody else that everybody will be extremely careful about everything.
 

karrie

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From what I read, I think the answer to that is by removing carelessness. Everybody will be so afraid to hurt anybody else that everybody will be extremely careful about everything.

yeah, but that makes no sense when she's also said competitiveness in careers and sports would still be part of life. Competitiveness and carefulness don't really go hand in hand very well.... just ask the kickboxers and roller-derby chicks I know... lol.
 

s_lone

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yeah, but that makes no sense when she's also said competitiveness in careers and sports would still be part of life. Competitiveness and carefulness don't really go hand in hand very well.... just ask the kickboxers and roller-derby chicks I know... lol.

I didn't read the section on sports and competition in the book if there is one. Peacegirl will have to answer that herself.
 

peacegirl

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Accurate observation of what? The world Lessans proposes is a hypothetical world. He can't observe it! except in his own imagination.

He didn't observe this kind of world, but he observed the laws of our nature that can lead to this kind of world.

s_lone said:
NO. I don't agree with that because in that context choice is just a very elaborate illusion.

Here's a good example to explain the problem I have with what you're saying.

It's as if a robot car was traveling down a road and programmed to always turn left every time there's an intersection. The fact that there are intersections along the road does not mean there is a choice because the car is programmed to always turn left. The car doesn't choose anything. It's trajectory is already settled.

The same applies to our will if you go along the statement that it's part of the deterministic process and that it's ''programmed'' by natural selection to always take the path of greater satisfaction.

But we are programmed in this way. Please don't argue with me; I didn't create the world. Argue with God for creating us like this. I know people want to take all the credit for their choices, but they really can't if they understand that they really have no choice.

s_lone said:
If no one can blame the car for always turning left, then it follows that the car can't blame itself also. And if you go down that road (pardon the pun!) the whole notion of responsibility is flushed down the drain.

Who is blaming anyone? The fact that there will be no blame by anyone anywhere (because man's will is not free) is the very reason why one cannot get out of one's responsibility. You really need to read and reread this section.

s_lone"If God is responsible than it is possible for the conscience to find an excuse for the action. The rapist can very well say his sexual instincts (nature) is responsible for what he did even though nobody is blaming him for what he did. Lessans takes for granted that a blameless environment leads people not to hurt people but he's not basing this on ''accurate observation'' [I]because a blameless world has never come to be. [/I]It's a huge assumption which fails to convince anybody but you and Lessans. There's nothing mathematical or undeniable about it. An assumption is not a statement about reality.[/quote] s_lone said:
As I already said, it's more than easy to shift responsibility when God is your accomplice!

And as I already said, God cannot be used as an excuse in order to shift responsibility when one is already excused. Try it and see how easy it is. You can't do it. That's what you aren't getting.

s_lone]Yes you can use God. If you feel guilty about what you did said:
BLA BLA freakin' BLA!!! It's the same old repetitive thing all over again. You either don't feel guilty for what you did, which solves the issue. Or you do feel guilty and you can justify your action in the comforting thought that you could not have done otherwise, that God compelled you to do it because your will is not free, that it's part of the deterministic process and that it's programmed to do whatever it does according to what brings most satisfaction. The fact that nobody blames you for anything amounts to nothing if you have no power over what does bring you satisfaction.

But you do have power over your actions. That's the point. That's exactly where Lessans' definition branches off from the classical definition. Nothing can make you do something you don't want. You keep forgetting the entire half of this equation. Please read this again:

When you know you are not going to be blamed for what you do it also means that you must assume complete responsibility for what you do because you cannot shift it away from yourself under the changed conditions We have become so confused by words in logical relation that while we preach this freedom of the will we say in the same breath that we could not help ourselves, and demonstrate our confusion still more by believing that the corollary, Thou Shall Not Blame, would lessen our responsibility when it does the exact opposite. Did you ever see anything more ironically humorous? The only time we can use the excuse that our will is not free is when the world believes it is free. The world of free will has allowed people to lie and cheat in order to get what they want and then shift their responsibility away from themselves when questioned. Many philosophers have gotten confused over this one point because it was assumed that a world without blame would only make matters worse, decreasing responsibility to an even greater extent and giving man the perfect opportunity to take advantage of others without having to worry about consequences. But this can only occur when man knows he will be blamed, which allows him to come up with reasonable excuses. When he knows in advance that no matter what he does to hurt others the response will be one of no blame because the world knows his will is not free — he cannot find justification for what he is about to do. In other words, the knowledge that the world must excuse what he can no longer justify prevents the desire to take even the slightest chance of hurting another. Under these conditions, responsibility reaches a level never seen before in all of history.

s_lone said:
The problem with this part is that some people do take responsibility for their actions in the world we live in. Not everybody tries to find excuses for their wrongs.

No one said they do. There is a juxtaposition of differences in each case which present alternatives that affect choice. That's why some people commit crimes and others don't, but that doesn't change the fact that these principles will work on everyone, once they become a condition of the environment on a global scale.

s_lone said:
Do you really think that when a guy is contemplating the option of raping a woman, he is asking himself how he could justify the action if he chooses to do it? No he's too busy wondering if he can get away with it.

That's exactly right. He is trying to see if he can beat the system. He knows he is taking a risk and he is willing to do this for the satisfaction of certain desires. You need to understand how this transition is going to come about. We're not just going to suddenly stop blaming people. The author made that very clear in Chapter Two.

"Therefore, it should be clear that the corollary, Thou Shall Not Blame, does not mean that you should suddenly stop blaming because you have discovered that man’s will is not free. It only means at this point that we are going to follow it, to extend it, to see exactly where it takes us; something that investigators like Durant have never done because the implications prevented them from opening the door beyond the vestibule. The fact that man’s will is not free only means that he is compelled to move in the direction of greater satisfaction. If you sock me I might get greater satisfaction in socking you back. However, once man understands what it means that his will is not free, this desire to sock me is prevented by your realization that I will never blame you for hurting me. Until this knowledge is understood we will be compelled to continue living in the world of free will, otherwise, we would only make matters worse for ourselves."

s_lone" said:
So why not blame the conditions of our life, which are beyond our power for the actions we do... Even if we are in blameless environment?

Because a free will environment (a world of judgment, blame, and punishment) will never prevent man's criminal behavior, if he wants something badly enough.

"Punishment and retaliation are natural reactions of a free will environment that permit the consideration of striking a first blow because it is the price man is willing to risk or pay for the satisfaction of certain desires. But when they are removed so the knowledge that they no longer exist becomes a condition of the environment, then the price he must consider to strike the first blow of hurt — all others are justified — is completely out of his reach because to do so he must move in the direction of conscious dissatisfaction, which is mathematically impossible.

s_lone said:
The only thing he's observing is his own hypothetical construct.

I won't keep reading for the reasons I already mentioned. The further I went in the book, the sillier it got.

It's not silly at all. It's only silly if you don't fully understand the two-sided equation. I know you are trying. Eventually you will understand, but only if you don't give up.

yeah, but that makes no sense when she's also said competitiveness in careers and sports would still be part of life. Competitiveness and carefulness don't really go hand in hand very well.... just ask the kickboxers and roller-derby chicks I know... lol.

Karrie, that's their choice. They are entering into a competition and they know the risks. But when we're on the road and someone kills someone we love, they didn't ask to be part of that drag race. There will always be competition in business but no one can be hurt even if the competition wins, and a business is forced to close down.

From what I read, I think the answer to that is by removing carelessness. Everybody will be so afraid to hurt anybody else that everybody will be extremely careful about everything.

That's true. People will be extremely careful when something is their responsibility that could end up hurting someone. Read Chapter Three: The End of Carelessness, and you'll have a much better understanding.
 

karrie

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So how do you create a world where road accidents don't happen? Where tires don't blow and deer don't jump across the road and no one loses control on black ice or falls asleep behind the wheel or has a seizure while driving or... the list goes on.
 

s_lone

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He didn't observe this kind of world, but he observed the laws of our nature that can lead to this kind of world.

The laws of nature which we can observe can lead to all sorts of worlds.


But we are programmed in this way. Please don't argue with me; I didn't create the world. Argue with God for creating us like this. I know people want to take all the credit for their choices, but they really can't if they understand that they really have no choice.

If they really have no choice, the notion of responsibility is shattered to pieces. Free will is implicit in the notion of responsibility.


Who is blaming anyone? The fact that there will be no blame by anyone anywhere (because man's will is not free) is the very reason why one cannot get out of one's responsibility. You really need to read and reread this section.

See comment above. With no free will, no choice, responsibility and blame are all empty concepts that mean nothing because we're all part of the deterministic process. If you bring a horse to a river and it doesn't want to drink, the fact that it doesn't want to drink is also part of the deterministic process. It's irrelevant to say that you can't force the horse to drink because even the horse has no control over whether it wants to drink or not. Remember his will and desire is also part of the deterministic process.

This is exactly where I think you and I are turning in circles. The way I understand it, Lessans is avoiding his own rule of ''no free will because of principle of most satisfaction'' with his statement that nobody can make you do something that you don't want to do. You can't force me to do something, but neither can I if I'm not free! We're all helpless. Nobody is free. Nobody chooses. Nobody is responsible for anything.


And as I already said, God cannot be used as an excuse in order to shift responsibility when one is already excused. Try it and see how easy it is. You can't do it. That's what you aren't getting.

Ok, let's say I know you won't blame me for anything.

I insulted you when saying Lessans was silly. I can see that you were hurt by this even though you're not blaming me.

I feel slightly guilty because I hurted you.

God made me do it. I couldn't have done otherwise!

And voilà! It was pretty easy to use God right?



---

Let me summarize my case. Lessans says that judgement, blame, punishment belong in the world of free will. I say that responsibility also belongs in the world of free will. Get rid of free will, and you also get rid of responsibility.

It's really as simple as that. Lessans thinks he can get rid of free will while conserving the concept of personal responsibility but I think that is where lies the flaw of his reasoning.

No free will. No responsibility.
 

peacegirl

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Your problem is Dexter "misquoted" you by citing stuff that's here for everyone to read. :lol::lol:
There is much more to participating in a forum than "always being right" and never giving anyone else the benefit of the doubt. Most of us are here to exchange ideas, have some laughs, adjust our own thinking and enjoy the camaraderie. If you never change you never grow. There was a regular contributer who was on here for several years and left just recently (or more correctly was helped out the door). He was always right, he had a label for everyone at least the 99% of us who were inferior to him. He never admitted being wrong, so sadly he was just stuck in time. He left a fairly bitter man. Don't fall into that trap. You "flew a balloon" the frickin thing popped- get over it - find another balloon.

But the balloon didn't pop. If it did, I would get over it but it's still flying high. I am not the kind of person who can't admit to being wrong. People just want me to admit to being wrong about this discovery. But I'm not wrong, so why should I do this? Just to satisfy everyone? I also don't label people or think of myself as superior in any way. That's the opposite of what this book stands for.

So how do you create a world where road accidents don't happen? Where tires don't blow and deer don't jump across the road and no one loses control on black ice or falls asleep behind the wheel or has a seizure while driving or... the list goes on.

Accidents where human negligence is involved will be prevented. A deer running into the street is not preventable unless we can control the deer population, or put fences up where there is a large population. If someone has a seizure and kills someone, he knows it was not his responsibility, therefore he would have no reason to feel guilt, but if he took a drug that he knew could cause a seizure, and he still got behind the wheel and killed someone, then he would feel guilt. Skidding on black ice is a serious risk, so drivers would be warned ahead of time about these weather conditions, just as they are today. Drivers would want to heed these warnings, not only for their own safety, but the safety of others. Tires won't blow out if there are no defects and the tread is good. It would be up to the tire manufacturers and the mechanics to do their job in keeping the public safe. If an accident happened because of something they failed to do, it would be on their conscience. That's what prevents them from getting into this type of situation.

The laws of nature which we can observe can lead to all sorts of worlds.

If they really have no choice, the notion of responsibility is shattered to pieces. Free will is implicit in the notion of responsibility.

See comment above. With no free will, no choice, responsibility and blame are all empty concepts that mean nothing because we're all part of the deterministic process. If you bring a horse to a river and it doesn't want to drink, the fact that it doesn't want to drink is also part of the deterministic process. It's irrelevant to say that you can't force the horse to drink because even the horse has no control over whether it wants to drink or not. Remember his will and desire is also part of the deterministic process.

The only reason it's relevant is to distinguish who is doing the action. The horse is resisting a certain action even though that action is determined. In other words, nothing other than the horse is forcing him to drink or not to drink the water. That's a key concept because the conventional definition of determinism leaves out the will entirely.

s_lone said:
This is exactly where I think you and I are turning in circles. The way I understand it, Lessans is avoiding his own rule of ''no free will because of principle of most satisfaction'' with his statement that nobody can make you do something that you don't want to do. You can't force me to do something, but neither can I if I'm not free! We're all helpless. Nobody is free. Nobody chooses. Nobody is responsible for anything.

Wrong. We still choose even though the choice, once it is made, was not a free choice because we must choose what gives us greater satisfaction. I believe you understand that part. That doesn't mean we don't do those things (contemplate, consider the pros and cons, ponder) that help us to determine which choice to make. That's part of what makes us human. Animals can't do this. Nothing is being taken away s_lone. And you getting confused here. We are responsible only because we are the ones doing the action. That's all this means. Therefore, we can't blame God, our genetics, the dog barking, or anything else you care to throw in, as a cause for what WE know we were responsible for doing.

s_lone said:
Ok, let's say I know you won't blame me for anything.

I insulted you when saying Lessans was silly. I can see that you were hurt by this even though you're not blaming me.

I feel slightly guilty because I hurted you.

God made me do it. I couldn't have done otherwise!

And voilà! It was pretty easy to use God right?

But you can't rationalize your behavior, even to yourself, if you know that no one in the world is blaming you. Your conscience will permit you to do something if there is a reasonable justification, but when you are not being blamed, all the rationalizations in the world will not convince your conscience that what you are contemplating is right to do. When no one is blaming you, how can you shift your responsibility to someone or something else as the cause for what you know you did? Therefore you must assume responsibility for your own actions, and if there is no justification to strike a first blow, conscience won't permit you to do it.

In the new world even the smallest thing (like taking change that doesn't belong to you) would bother your conscience. In this world, we can always come up with a justification. "Well, it's a big company and they won't even miss it" or "It was the teller's fault for not double checking." But when you know that they would never blame you, even if they saw you take the money, this would bother your conscience to such a degree that you would be compelled (of our own free will or desire) to return the money. That's how powerful this law is.

s_lone said:
Let me summarize my case. Lessans says that judgement, blame, punishment belong in the world of free will. I say that responsibility also belongs in the world of free will. Get rid of free will, and you also get rid of responsibility.

And that's exactly where you need help understanding. That's the whole point of the second part of the equation. Responsibility would definitely go down if man did not know in advance that he was not going to be blamed for anything. If people didn't blame him in this world, he would have a field day taking everything that is not nailed down, but this cannot occur under the changed conditions.

s_lone said:
It's really as simple as that. Lessans thinks he can get rid of free will while conserving the concept of personal responsibility but I think that is where lies the flaw of his reasoning.

No free will. No responsibility.

There is no flaw. The only flaw is in your inability to understand (at this point), or my inability to make the concept crystal clear. Let me try again. When all blame is gone --- and people know in advance that they will not be blamed for hurting someone with a first blow, they won't have the necessary justification to follow through with this action; therefore, they cannot move in this direction for greater satisfaction. If will was free, they could choose what is worse for themselves when something better is offered as an alternative, but this is impossible which is why man's will is not free.
 
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s_lone

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You say we are different but animals but we aren't if there is no free will. We're just more elaborate robots.

You say this:


We are responsible only because we are the ones doing the action. That's all this means.

If responsibility only means ''having done the action'' than that's all it means. It doesn't mean someone responsible for something would necessarily be feel guilty. There's nothing to feel guilty about if there is no choice.

As I already said, if a robot is programmed to always turn left, the fact that there are intersections along the road does not mean there is a choice being made by the robot. The robot is programmed to take an alternative over another according to a precise set of rules and the robot is no more responsible for turning left than a rock is responsible for falling down when you drop it. Moral responsibility and guilt have no meaning without free will.

If you want to define ''responsibility'' by simply saying ''cause of the event'', fine by me. But do realize that the agent who holds responsibility is compelled by nature to do what he did. In other words, God always ends up being responsible for everything.
 

peacegirl

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You say we are different but animals but we aren't if there is no free will. We're just more elaborate robots.

You say this:


We are responsible only because we are the ones doing the action. That's all this means.

If responsibility only means ''having done the action'' than that's all it means. It doesn't mean someone responsible for something would necessarily be feel guilty. There's nothing to feel guilty about if there is no choice.

You are forgetting about conscience which is a huge factor in all of this. If we had no conscience, nothing would matter, and no condition would change anything. Being compelled to accept one's responsibility because there is no way one can pass it to someone else, will make us think very carefully about what we are about to do that could possibly hurt someone.

s_lone said:
As I already said, if a robot is programmed to always turn left, the fact that there are intersections along the road does not mean there is a choice being made by the robot. The robot is programmed to take an alternative over another according to a precise set of rules and the robot is no more responsible for turning left than a rock is responsible for falling down when you drop it. Moral responsibility and guilt have no meaning without free will.

This is not about being pre-programmed. Up to the moment of making a choice, we have options to consider. Our will is intact. What we don't have control over is our final choice because it is always the choice that gives us greater satisfaction. Looking back, everything had to be, but before something is done, we are given the ability to determine which choice we believe is the best. When a blameless world enters the picture, what is best will never be hurting someone because it will give us no satisfaction whatsoever.

s_lone said:
If you want to define ''responsibility'' by simply saying ''cause of the event'', fine by me. But do realize that the agent who holds responsibility is compelled by nature to do what he did. In other words, God always ends up being responsible for everything.

That's what I mean by responsibility. If I hit you, in the new world I won't be able to say my sister caused me to do this to you, or my brother, or my bad day at work. That puts the responsibility of your actions where it belongs: ON YOU. God is in charge of this whole world, but we can't use God as another excuse to do the things that hurt others, when all blame is removed from the environment.
 
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s_lone

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It's the exact opposite. Being compelled to accept one's responsibility because there is no way one can pass it to someone else, will make someone think very carefully about what one is about to do that could possibly hurt someone.



This is not about being pre-programmed. Up to the moment of a choice, we have options to consider. What we don't have control over is our final choice. We're going in circles because you are not taking into consideration the human will, which, cannot hurt choose to hurt others when there is no justification to do so. Looking back, everything had to be, but before something is done, we are given the ability to decide, even though that decision is determined in the final analysis.



That's what I mean by responsibility. If I hit you, in the new world I won't be able to say my sister caused me to do this to you. That puts the responsibility of your actions where it belongs: WITH YOU. God is in charge of this whole world, but we can't use God as another excuse to do the things that hurt others, when all blame is removed from the environment.

The fact that nobody is blaming you doesn't mean you weren't determined by the conditions of your environment. Whether people are blaming you or not is irrelevant. Once chooses what one chooses and it stops there.

Let's say I see a 20$ bill falling out of someone's pocket. That person is getting out of the subway and I'm the only one left in the subway. I know that if I take it, nobody will blame me because nobody saw me and the person who dropped it will only realize later that it fell out. The person will have no way of knowing if I took it or not.

So I must choose. Should I just pick it up and shout ''Hey M'am! You dropped something!'' and hand it back to her as she goes out? Or should I just remain silent and take it?

Personally, I'd be glad to hand it back to her. My reasoning is that I'd be glad that someone do the same thing for me. It would bring me more satisfaction to do that rather than keep it. But the fact that I'd be blamed or not has nothing to do with my decision. My own personal moral code is already established. Blame or no blame, I'd give it back to her.

But someone else could very well just keep the 20$ for the obvious reason that nobody can blame them. They can get away with it and not feel guilty about it. We don't all have the same conscience. Some people would think ''Sucks to be you! Finders keepers!''

I understand that in Lessans' new world, we would all have a heightened sense of moral conscience. But we don't need to get rid of blame and punishment for that. All we need is proper education and loving but firm upbringing for our children.

---

On this note, do you really think that parents ought to never punish their kids because they can never do otherwise than what they are compelled to do? A blameless environment would mean you can't blame children for the careless things they do and if you can't punish them, they will never learn what is right and wrong... right?
 

karrie

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Regardless of any of the rest, Lessans himself says exactly why evil will always exist.... humans move in the direction of the most reward. In a blameless, ie., passive, society, anyone with a lack of conscience could easily do whatever they pleased with no repercussion.
 

s_lone

Council Member
Feb 16, 2005
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Montreal
Regardless of any of the rest, Lessans himself says exactly why evil will always exist.... humans move in the direction of the most reward. In a blameless, ie., passive, society, anyone with a lack of conscience could easily do whatever they pleased with no repercussion.

That's right. A blameless society can only exist because nobody is doing anything wrong. Not the other way around. It's not the absence of blame that will cause the end of evil. It's the end of evil that would cause the end of blame.

Blame is a result of evil. Not a cause.
 
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