Another thing is that I don't think wealth redistribution must necessarily be done through government bureaucracy. To take an example, let's say we scrapped corporate taxes altogether and replaced them instead with voting rights for all workers for the Board of directores, with workers being allowed to vote for workers too. For one thing, it would make labour unions redundant. Two, it would encourage movement towards workers' co-ops, and this would help transfer more ealth from the company to the workers without hainv to filter money through inefficient government bureaucracy.
Another way to make taxes effective yet simple would be, instead of having 1001 laws trying to regulate every circumstance, why not have strategically targetted laws can can kill many birds with one stone? To take an example, instead of all kinds of complicated tax brackets, and exemptions for this, that, kids, this, that and this tand that again, requiring a degree in accounting to figure it out, we could just have maybe four simple taxes:
1. Personal income tax of let's say 2 or 3 percent of income, deductible through charitable donations earmarked to help the poor. This just to make sure everyone makes at least a small contribution to society.
2. 5% or 6% Tax on personal accumulated non-essential wealth. Obviously, people with large families, disabilities, low salaries, etc., would find it harder to accumulate wealth in the first place, not to mention that they could also declare more of their wealth to be essential, compared with couples without children, healthy, lucky in life, etc. This would thus naturally make the wealthy or lucky, either way, pay more taxes than the others, without needing a complicated system of various tax brackets, exemptions for this, for that, and the other thing. One simple tax that would react naurally to all of these circumstances. And like the income tax, could be 100% tax deductible through charitable contributions.
3. A resource and undesirable consumption tax. 10% let's say. This would naturlaly push the cost of resource-inefficient goods and services up, while having less impact on resource-efficient goods and services, thus giving us an incentive to produce and buy green. This could also be a sure source of income for the government since it would not be tax-deductible unlike the direct taxes above.
4. An essential wealth cap. Any accumulated non-esential wealth above a predetermined amount would be taken by the government. People could avoid this by either spending their money, investing it in their businesses (essential wealth), or giving it to charity. Their choice. So the rich would have more responsibility to society, but would still have more say in how their money is spent. If they spend it, it creates jobs. If they invest it, their workers have more say in it through voting rights, and so the company can be more socially responsible, ensuring the money is used to benefit society through good business practices. If they give it to charity, a social benefit. And if they do nothing, the government takes it. But at least they have much say in how their money will go to help society.
5. Last source, fines obviously.
This would stil provide society with the funds needed, while still keeping taxes simple and straightforward, and still give people more say in how their tax-money is spent.