Now that was a really cool little video. What you're seeing are the natural resonant frequencies of that table top, or whatever it is, as the frequency of the sound rises. Notice how the sand muddles about at first, then settles into a fairly simple pattern, then muddles again and settles into a more complex pattern, and so on, as the pitch rises? The surface is vibrating up and down and the sand collects in the valleys of the standing waves, but the standing waves exist only at certain frequencies; at other frequencies the surface just more or less buzzes chaotically and the sand spreads out, then re-forms into another pattern when the driving sound hits the next resonant frequency.
Yeah yeah, I know, there goes that old engineer again...