A bit more info.
Alberta man bitten by rabid bat ignored incident
DAWN WALTON
From Monday's Globe and Mail
CALGARY — Almost seven months after he was bitten by a bat and failed to seek medical treatment, an Alberta man is now gravely ill in hospital and health officials are searching for anyone he may have had close contact with.
The man, who has not been identified, was bitten on the shoulder last August as he slept in his rural home east of Edmonton, but shrugged off the incident until January when symptoms of rabies, a deadly neurological disease, first appeared.
Now, as the man is listed in serious condition in hospital, there is little health-care providers can do except attempt to make him comfortable.
“Once an individual has contracted rabies and has not received the post-exposure treatment, rabies is almost invariably fatal,” Shainoor Virani, Alberta's associate provincial health officer, said yesterday.
Human cases of rabies have been rare in Canada, where 23 people have died since record-keeping began in 1925. The most recent victims include a 52-year-old British Columbia man in 2003 and a nine-year-old Quebec boy in 2000.
Both succumbed to the virus from bat bites. Alberta hasn't had a human case of the virus since 1985.
The virus is transmitted through the saliva of an infected animal, usually by a bite or scratch, but also by a lick onto an existing cut or mucous membrane.
It is theoretically possible to pass the virus between people (it has only happened a handful of times and most of those in organ transplant patients) which is why officials in Alberta are contacting those who may have been in direct contact with the patient's saliva or bodily fluids.
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency reports hundreds of cases a year of rabies in animals, most often in bats, skunks, raccoons and foxes, but the virus has also been found in dogs, cats and cattle.
Ontario, Manitoba and Saskatchewan have been home to the majority of cases in recent years, while the virus infrequently surfaces in Atlantic Canada.
The viral infection, which is carried by warm-blooded animals, attacks the central nervous system and the brain of both animals and people.
Infected animals can display symptoms including aggression, depression, paralysis (which can lead to drooling in paralysis of the face) and unusual behaviour such as wild animals losing their fear of humans or pets hiding from their owners.
In people, symptoms can emerge in as little as five days or take several years, but they are usually felt within 20 days to two months after exposure.
At first, those who are infected usually complain of flu-like symptoms such as headaches and tiredness, but the virus can quickly progress to include anxiety, confusion, insomnia, hallucinations, a fear of water, difficulty swallowing and convulsions.
Complete paralysis and coma follow. The disease is almost always fatal once symptoms appear, but there have been a handful of miraculous recoveries.
The Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety reports that a handful of patients have survived once signs of the disease began to show.
While rabies is uncommon in humans in Canada, the World Health Organization pegs the number of deaths worldwide at about 50,000 cases a year, the bulk in Indian, Southeast Asia, Africa and Latin America.
Anyone exposed to a suspected rabid animal should wash the wound with soap, remove potentially contaminated clothing and seek medical attention immediately, according to public health officials.
In Canada, about 4,000 people a year are vaccinated with post-exposure prophylaxis.
The treatment regime includes an injection of rabies immune globulin directly into the wound as soon a possible.
At the same time, the human diploid cell vaccine is injected into a muscle, usually the shoulder area, or, in small children, the thigh.
Patients then receive a series of four more intramuscular injections within a month.
“Post-exposure treatment is very effective and safe,” Dr. Virani said, “It's most effective if it's started right away, but it can even be given months after a bite.”
But the best way to prevent rabies is to stay away from wild animals, she added.
Pre-exposure vaccines are also available to those working in high-risk professions such as veterinarians and to those travelling to regions where the disease is prevalent