China:
Limited legal and judicial reforms did little to improve human rights protection. Tens of thousands of people continued to be detained in violation of their human rights and were at risk of torture or ill-treatment. Thousands of people were sentenced to death or executed. The authorities frequently resorted to the use of force against growing social unrest. There was a renewed crackdown on the media and Internet controls were tightened. The Uighur community in the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) continued to face severe repression as part of the authorities’ “war on terror”. Freedom of expression and religion continued to be severely restricted in Tibet and other Tibetan areas. China’s arms sales to Sudan raised concerns that its actions were contributing to human rights violations in other countries. China continued a limited dialogue with selected members of the international community on human rights issues. However, human rights defenders at home continued to be arbitrarily detained and some were sentenced to prison terms...
...Human rights defenders
Individuals continued to use China’s petitioning system, and sometimes the courts, in an attempt to obtain redress for various abuses. However, fundamental weaknesses in both systems left many without redress, fuelling an increase in social protests throughout the country. New regulations were introduced in May in a stated attempt to provide better protection for the interests of petitioners but these appeared to have little impact on resolving complaints.
Informal networks of rights defenders publicly lobbied the authorities and the international community about various abuses. However, the authorities continued to use broadly defined national security offences to prosecute and imprison activists, including lawyers, petitioners and housing rights advocates. Civil society organizations continued to grow in number and effectiveness. However, controls were tightened to curtail the activities of those who challenged official policies...
Canada:
Indigenous women and girls continued to suffer a high level of discrimination and violence. There were concerns that counter-terrorism practices did not conform to human rights obligations.
...Security and human rights
A public inquiry continued into Canada’s role in the case of Maher Arar, a Canadian-Syrian national who was deported in 2002 from the USA to Syria where he was detained without charge for a year and tortured.
There were concerns about three other dual Canadian nationals who had been detained and tortured abroad: Abdullah Almalki, of Syrian origin, held in Syria for nearly two years; Ahmad Abou El-Maati, of Syrian origin, held in Syria and Egypt for over two years; and Muayyed Nureddin, of Iraqi origin, held in Syria for one month. The government refused to hold a public inquiry into the cases.
Four Muslim men remained in detention pending deportation and a fifth was released on strict bail restrictions, all pursuant to security certificates issued under the 2001 Immigration and Refugee Protection Act. The men faced a serious risk of torture if deported. Under security certificate proceedings, detainees only have access to summaries of evidence and no opportunity to challenge key witnesses.
There were reports that Canadian forces in Afghanistan were handing over detainees to US forces without reliable assurances that the detainees would not be subjected to the death penalty, and would be treated in a manner consistent with international humanitarian law and human rights obligations.
Omar Khadr, a Canadian national arrested by US forces in Afghanistan in July 2002 when he was a minor, remained in US custody in Guantánamo Bay, Cuba, where he had been since November 2002. In August an interim injunction was granted by the Federal Court of Canada prohibiting Canadian officials from questioning Omar Khadr unless this directly related to providing him with consular assistance...
http://web.amnesty.org/report2006
Cultural traditions like the avoidance of naming an injustice for what it is in the name of assuring one's own well-being within the social structure being criticized is one thing, but scurrying under a banner raised to cultural tradition is quite similar to the Islamist view of cartoons and interpretations of the Quran that offend....
The western mind prizes the material, objectifies values in symbols that are bought sold and traded without appreciating the significance of this behavior. Westerners are guilty of many grave injustices to the planet and the people of many nations who've never known a degree of prosperity or "freedom" that the westerner takes for granted. Part of that freedom is naming an injustice as an injustice. Is the cultural "value" the "currency" of propriety a means to enhancing or erroding the perceptions of Chinese folk when they compare east and west? If a nation of people realize an increase in their individual well-being and quality of life through adopting western trade and commerce, doesn't it seem appropriate that the manifestation of "freedom" that comes with self-reliance through trade is capable of establishing includes reevaluating some cultural traditions?
1. Canada’s Trade with China
China is now the world’s second largest economy after the United States, as measured by the purchasing power of GDP. Its export sector represents about one-quarter of GDPfive times more than in 1978 when economic reform began to progressively open it up to the rest of the world. In 2003 alone, it rose three places in the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) ranking to third with 5.3% of global imports, behind only Germany (7.7%) and the U.S. (16.8%). China’s growth has contributed to the recovery of its Asian neighbours, and more recently to rising exports from North America. At the same time, China continued to meet most of North America’s growing appetite for imports. This boosted it to fourth place in global exports with a 5.9% share, behind Japan (6.3%), the U.S. (9.7%) and Germany (10.0%).
This article documents how Canada’s trade with China has evolved over the last 15 years in the
context of the broad shifts in China’s trade with the world.2 Canada has benefited both from the
direct effect of higher exports to China and indirectly from the upward pressure on commodity
prices from China’s rapid industrialization. Meanwhile, our imports from China have shifted
from toys and trinkets to productivity-enhancing goods.3
China is not only an exporter, but also consumes and imports at an increasing rate. Chinese
imports took off in the second half of the 1990s, culminating in China’s entry into the WTO in
December 2001.4 After rising 8.2% in 2001, China’s imports jumped 21.2% in 2002 and 39.9%
in 2003, even as global trade stalled. As a result, the Chinese trade surplus fell $4.9 billion (U.S.)
to $25.5 billion in 2003 and then swung into a deficit of $8.4 billion in the first quarter of 2004,
its first shortfall in 10 years. The growth of imports was driven by lower tariffs on imports, rising
domestic demand and an increasing need for raw materials and energy.5
Recently, China has become a growing source of export demand for the recovery of its
neighbours, particularly Japan, many of whom suffered severely from the Asian currency crisis in
1997. Closer to home, U.S. exports to China doubled between 1999 and 2003, led by electronic
equipment. Our exports also have risen sharply, more than recouping a 30% drop between 1995
and 1997 when commodity prices collapsed (especially for forestry products). Canadian exports
to China are driven by resource products, which year in and year out account for about 80% of
our shipments to China.
2. ExportsWheat used to dominate our exports to China up to the early 1990s; as recently as 1992, it
accounted for 60% of our shipments to China. Since then, the share of wheat has slipped to just a
little over 10%, supplanted by rapid gains for industrial materials (which rose to 45%) and
forestry products (24%). Capital goods are about 11%, a share which has changed little over the
last 15 years. Exports remained much smaller for autos (2%), energy (2%) and consumer goods
(0.1%) over this period.
http://www.statcan.ca/english/research/11-624-MIE/11-624-MIE2004007.pdf
Earth_as_One
It certainly is appropriate to examine each nations record on human rights, if for no other reason than to compare the effectiveness of particular ideological “models”. A comparison in terms of a particular ideology’s contribution, interpretation and actualization of the concept of “human rights” with another nations expression of “human rights”.
Conceptual systems like the United Nations 1948 “Universal Declaration Human Rights” rely for their substance on the will and effort of both government and individual’s in actualizing its principles. No individual can claim familiarity with the concept of “human rights” without having examined their own nation’s legal system and explored the history of how one’s own nation has exercised these principles. Comparing one nation’s or one people’s statement and execution of the concept with a different nation reveals a great deal about the people of any nation.
But one must always keep in mind that what we’re talking about is a conceptual model not a binding system of jurisprudence. While an electoral process might achieve something akin to Article 21’s “will of the people shall be the basis of the authority of government…”